


1_ ''^•'' 




Class Jf _^eA__ 
Book_JSUt5_ 






Virginia Vetusta, 






DURING THE REIGN" OF JAMES THE FIRST. 



CONTAISUiC 



Letters and Documents never before Printed. 



A SOPPLXMINT TO 



THE HISTORY OF THE VIRGINIA COMPANY. 

EDWARD D.NEILL. 

HKC fAh^A DICERF., SEC VERA KETICERE. 




ALBAI^r, N. r.: 
JOEL MUNSELL'S SONS, 8z STATE ST. 



.'V'^ 



\l' 




PREFACE. 




{N the belief, that there was need of 
such a contribution, to the documen- 
tary history, of the early colonial 
period of Virginia, this work has been 
prep.ired. It is intended to supple- 
ment the History of the Virginia Corn- 
jxii'ij of Lo/idou, which was published 

several years ago, and has proved of some value to the 

students of American history. 

It is quite remarkable, that for two centuries, historical 
writers chiefly depended upon a book compiled by an 
adventurer, for a knowledge of the early English coloniza- 
tion in North America. The once Deputy Governor of 
Virginia, George Percy, in a letter, to his brother Henry 
the 9th Earl of Northumberland, refers to a publication, 
" wherein the author hath not spared to appropriate many 
deserts to himself, whicJi he never performed, and stuffed 
his relatione with so many falsities, and malicious detrac- 
tions." 

As yet no document of the |)eriod of James the First, 
has been discovered, which tells where the church was 
situated, ni which John Rolfe was married to Pocahontas, 
and the name of the officiating clergyman. There is 



iv PREFA CE. 

evidence however, that Rolfe, in 1609, left England with 
a white wife, and that she gave birth to a daughter at 
Bermudas, who soon died. Hanior writes, that " about 
the fifth of April," 1614, Rolfe began to live with the 
Indian woman, and he is supposed, then, to have been a 
widower With Pocahontas he went to En<rland, and in 
March, 1617, she died at Gravesend. Rolfe returned to 
Virginia, .and soon married Jane, a daughter of William 
Pierce\ Governor of Jamestown, "inferior to none in ex- 
perience, industry and capacity " who in 1609, had left 
England, in the same vessel, with Rolfe. Early in 1622 
Rolfe died, leaving his widow Jane, and in the words of his 
will '• two small children of very tender age," a son Thomas, 
about -three years old, and a daughter Elizabeth, one year 
of age. 

In 1623, the father of the widow went to England", and 
as Jane Rolfe, and her son Thomas, are not mentioned 
in the census, of January, 1624 (0. S.), while the 
daughter, now four years old, is noted as residing with 
a Captain Roger Smith of Jamestown, an otKcer who had 
served twelve years in the wars of the Netherlands, now 
one of the Virginia Council, it seems probable, that Capt. 
William Pierce had taken his daughter, and grandson 
Thomas with him. At Scuithorpe Rectory, Co. Norfolk, 
England, there is a portrait of a wife of John Rolfe, with 



' Sometimes written Peirsc, Pyers, Perce, Peirce. 

■^ On Nov. 19, 1623, the Virginia Company issued a commission 
for William Peirce, Master of the good ship, called the " Return " 
of 100 tons, bound for transportation of passengers, to Virginia. 
History of Virginia Company, p. 382. 



PREFA CE. V 

a son, by her side. Her hair is parted in the middle, 
there is no head ornament, and the face has a natural 
expression. Tt represents a woman in the dress of the 
period, about thirty years of age.^ This portrait once 
belonged to the Rolfes of Norfolk. In Manning and 
Bray's History of Suj-rey it is mentioned that Thomas 
Rolfe married in England, had a son Anthony, whose 
daughter Hannah married Sir Thomas Leigh. 

Since Chapter Eighth was printed, by the courtesy of 
Lord Leconfield, of Petworth House, the following copy 
from the original Percy manuscript has been received, 
which is worthy of being incorporated with the prefatory 
note. 



Relation of George Percy. 
" To the right honorable, the Lorde Percy 

" My Lorde, This relacyon I have here sente your Lord- 
shipp, is for towe respecks, the one, to showe howe mutche 
I honor you, and desyre to doe you service, the other, in 
regard that many untreuthesconcerneinge theis pcedinges 
have bene formerly published, wherein the Author hathe 
nott spared to apropriate many deserts to him selfe w*''' he 
never p'formed, and stuffed his relacyons w* so many 
falseties, and malycyous detractyons. nott onely of this 
p'ts and tyme, w'^'' I have selected to treate of. Butt of 
former occurrentes also : So thatt 1 coulde nott conteine 
my selfe, but expresse the Treuthe unto your Lordshipp 



' London Notes and Queries, VI Series, Vol. X, p. 296. 



vi PREFACE. 

conceniinge theise aflfayres, and all w"'*' I ayme att is to 
raanyfeste my selfe in all my actyons bothe now and 
alwayes to be 

" Your Lordshipps humble and 
I'aithfuU servante 

«G. P." 

" A Trewe Kelacyon of the p'cedeinges and ocurentes 
of momente w*^"* have hapened in Virginia, from the Tyme 
S' Tliomas Gates was shipwrackte uppon the Bermudas 
An° 1609, untill my dep'ture out of the Country w*^*" was 
in An° 1612. 

" If we Trewly consider the diversely of miseries, 
mutenies, and famishmentte w''*' have attended upon dis- 
coveries, and plantacyons in theis our modern tymes, we 
shall nott fynde our plautacyon in Virginia, to have 
sufiered aloane. 

" Ladoniere had his share thereof in Florida, nextt 
neighbour unto Virginia, where his sowldiers did fall into 
mutenies, and in the ende weare allmoste all starved for 
want of foode. 

" The Spanyard Plantacyon in the River of Plate, and 
the Streightes of Magelene suffered also, in soe mutche 
that haveinge eaten upp all their horses to susteine 
themselves withall, mutenies did aryse, and growe 
amongst them for the w* the Generall Diego Mendosa 
cawsed some of them to be executed, extremety of hunger 
inforceing others secretly in the nighte to cutt downe 
their deade fellowes from of the gallowes, and to bury 
them in their hungry Bowelles. 



PREFA CE. vii 

'' The Plantacyon in Carthagena was also lamentable, 
that wante of wholesome foode wherew"" for to mainteyne 
lyfe, weare inforced to eate toades, snakes, and siitche 
lyke venomous wormes, sutche is the sharpnes of hunger. 

''To this purpose, many other examples mighte be 
recyted butt the Relac\-on ittselfe being briefe I have noe 
intente to be tedyous, butt to delyver the trewthe briefly, 
and plainely the w'''' I dowte nott butt will rather lyke 
than loathe the reader, nor doe I purpose to use any 
elloquent style or phrase the w*^"" indede in me is wantinge. 
Butt to delyver thatt trewly w'^'' myselfe and many others 
had bitter experyense of. Many other woes and miseries 
have hapned unto our Collonie in Virginia bothe before 
and since that Tyme, w"'' now I doe intende to treate of, 
having selected this p'" from the reste for towe respectts, 
firste, in regard I was moste frequente and acquaynted 
w"' their p'cedeinge, being most part of the tj-me presy- 
dentt and Governour, nextt, in respectt the leaste p'te 
hereof hath not been formerly published. 

" In the yere of our Lorde 1G09 S' Tho : Gates and S"^ 
George Somers accompanyed w"" divers Gentlemen, 
Sowldiers, and Seamen, in nyne goode-Shippes did 
beginne their voyage for" 

[Here there is a gap in the original manuscript. It con- 
tained 41 pages, bat a portion of 3d page, and all subse- 
quent pages to the 38th are missing. Purchas in writing 
his " Pilgrimage" in 1614, h;-.d used one of the m;uiuscript 
relations of George Percy. Before he published his four 
volumes of '• Pilgrimes " in 1625, he may have taken the 
portion of this Relation which is missing. The 38th page 
begins as follows :] 



viii PREFA CM 

" S' Tho : Dale haveinge allmoste finished the foarte, 
and settled a plantacyon in that p'te dyv" of his men 
being idell, and not willinge to take paynes, did runne 
away unto the Indyans; many of them beinge taken againe, 
S"^ Thomas in a moste severe manner cawsed to be exe- 
cuted, some he appointed to be hanged, some burned, some 
to be broken on wheels, others to be staked, and some to 
be shott to deathe, all theis extreme and crewell tortures 
he used, and inflicted upon them, to terrefy the reste for 
attempteinge the lyke, and some w'^'' robbed the store, he 
cawsed them to be bowned faste unto trees, and so 
starved them to deathe. 

" So leaveinge S' Thomas busely imployed in furnishinge 
the ifoarte and settlinge their habitacyons, lett us retourne 
to James towne againe, where, our Governour S' Tho : 
Gates was resydentt. Onely by the waye houlde a little 
att Algernoune's foarte^ the w'^'' was accidentally burned 
downe to the grownde, except Capt" Davis howse, and the 
store howse, Whereupon Capt" Davis fearinge to receive 
some displeasure, and to be removed from thense, the 
same beinge the moste plentiffullest place for food ; he 
used sutche expedityon in the rebayld(nnge the same 
againe that itt is allmoste incredible. 

" Dyv'rs Indyans used to come to our foarte att James 
Towne bringinge victualls w"" them butt indeede did 
rather come as spyes then any good affectyon they did 
beare unto us. Some of them S' Tho: Gates cawsed to 
be apprehended and executed for a terrour to the reste, to 
cause them to desiste from their subtcll practyses. 



' At Point (-omfort. 



PREFA CE. ix 

" Thus haveinge related unto your Lordshipp the trewe 
p'cedenge in Virginia from S'' Tho : Gates Shippwracke 
upon the Bermudes, untill ray dep'ture out of the country 
w'='' was then the 22d April, 1612, the w'^" day I sett sayle 
in a shipp named the " Tryall," and haveing by compu- 
tatyon sayled about 200 leagues w"" a reasonable goode 
wynde and fayere weather, upon a sudden, a greate 
storme did aryse in so rautche that the misson maste did 
springe with th'i vyolence of the wyndes, and lyeinge in 
the Greate Cabbin where the raisson stoode, I was thereby 
mutche indaungered, and in perill of my lyfe, for the 
same w"' greate force did grate upon my cabbin, and 
narrowly missed me, and a barrell full w"" here beinge in 
the cabbin, the misson strucke the same to pieces, that 
all the bere did runne about the cabbin. 

" The storme ceasinge and our misson amended, we re- 
covered Flores, Corves and St. Michells' nott touchinge 
att any of theis Islandes, butt shaped onr course north- 
warde where fallinge becallined, our daunger was greater 
than the former, for feare of famine and wante of foode 
haveinge butt a poore small quantitie of freslie water, and 
that was so stencheous that onely washinge my handes 
therew"" I cold nott endure the sent thereof. Our greateste 
store of foode was pease, and thease weare so corrupted 
mouldie, rotten and worme eaten that there was no 
substance lefte in them, but beinge stirred wolde crumble 
into duste, so that for want of foode we weare lyke to 
perishe. 



Of the Azores. 



X PREFA GE. 

" But God lookeinge raercyfully upon us when we leasts 
expected to see our native country againe we liappely 
met w'" a shippe of London bounde for Newefoundlande 
one Baker, being Master thereof, who reladed us w"" befe, 
fishe, Breade, here, and tobaco w'='' greatly comforted us, 
and saved our lyves for itt was above thirty dayes after, 
before we made lande w'^" was Irelande. So after a long 
and dangerous voyage we did fall w"" the lande, and putt 
into Crooke haven where we remayned some foureteene 
dayes in w'^'' tyme we refreshed ourselves, and revictewled 
our shipp, and then sett sayle againe, and w"' in eight 
dayes after aryved in England, and anchored in Dover 
Roade where we did mete w"" S' Sarauell Argall bownde 
for New England to displant the French collenie there, 
the w'^'' as I after heard was vaUiantly p'formed, Butt how 
juste the cawse was I refer the same to a judityous censor. 
So stayeinge there some fewe dayes at Dover to accom- 
pany S'' Samuell, I tooke poaste horse, and from thence 
roade to London. Finis " 

The above relation was prepared after Captain John 
Smith published exaggerated and incorrect narratives. 
Captain Argall was not knighted until A.D. 1622, and 
the reference to Sir Samuel shows that it wassubsequently 
written. Before the copy of Percy's Relation was re- 
ceived, page 86 of this volume was printed, where it is 
erroneously conjectured, that Percy returned to England 
in the ship "Treasurer," Capt. Argall. By liis own 
statement, he was a passenger in the " Trial." 

For several vignettes, used in the titles of books, I am 
indebted to the kindness of Hon. John R. Bartlett of 



PREFA CE. xi 

Providence, Rhode Island, and my thanks are also due 
to W. Noel Sainsbury, Esq., of Her Majesty's Public Record 
Office, London, and Lord Leconfield of Petworth, for 
prompt attention to my requests. 

Edward D. Neill. 

Saint Paul, Minnesota, 
January, 1885. 



CORRIGENDA. 

Owing to the distance of the writer, from the press, it is necessary to append 
a few corrigenda. 



Page 



3 sixth Earl, 




should read ninth. 


14 Turlv's heads, 




(1 


" 


Turks'. 


20 After 1607, 




(( 


" 


at. 


64 O'Halliwell, 




(1 


a 


0. Halliwell. 


6C W. Dutton, 




*' 


i( 


J. Dutton. 


71 L'd Thomas Smyth 


lee, 


ti 


If 


Sir Thomas Smythes. 


72 Blomt, 




ft 


f< 


Blount. 


74 Omit in caption, and Rev. Alexander 


Whitaker. 


76 After Argall, 




should read sailed. 


86 111 place of "it is 


supposed 








iu the ship ' Treasurer,' 








Capt. Argall 


in com- 


*t 


*' 


a passenger in the 


maud," 








" Trial." 


" him in footnote, 




" 


" 


George Percy. 


" Stafford, 




'* 


(1 


Strafford. 


94 brother of Sir. W. 


Throck- 








morton. 




" 


ft 


sister. 


100 ruin, 




t* 


" 


inn. 


111 One cow keeper, 




" 


" 


Our. 


122 Sanisbury, 




(f 


(t 


Sainsbury. 


" His Majesty's, 




n 


" 


Her. 


125 Inquilanas, 




'* 


" 


InquUinas. 


127 luopem. 




11 


" 


Inopem. 


135 Eu dat. 




u 


If 


En. 


184 We also, 




" 


If 


He. 



ship 



CONTENTS 



CHAPTER I. Page. 

Events Leading to Obganization of Virginia Company. ... 1 

CHAPTER II. 

PiBST Council m Virginia ; Notices of Early Colonists ; Affates 

AT Jamestown A. D. 1607 to A. D. 1609 7 

CHAPTER III. 

ViBQiKiA Affairs in England ; Letter of Newport ; First Report 
of Council in VraannA ; Reasons for a Public Stock; King's 
Council FOR Virginia; Early Publication 24 

CHAPTER IV. 

Public Collections for Virginia ; Crakanthorpe's Sermon ; Dis- 
course OF Symonds; a Good Speed to Virginia ; Second Char- 
ter; Kjng's Councillors fob Virginia; Sbkmon of Daniel 
Price ; Publication of Nova Britannia ; Gates and Somers 
Expedition. 35 

CHAPTER V. 
A Declaration; Crashaw's Sermon; Letter of Sir George Som- 
ers ; Rhymes of R. Rich ; Confutation op Scandals. ... 56 



CHAPTER VI. 

Second Expedition under Gates; Letters of Virginia Company 

AND Sir Edwin Sandys 66 

CHAPTER VIL 

Lord Delaware's Sickness; Letters of Sir Thomas Dale and 

George Percy 75 



xiv CONTEJ^TS. 

CHAPTER Vrn. Page. 

Charter OF 1611-12 ; King's Council for Virgesta; Letter of Sir 
Edwts Saxdys; Pcblicatioss ts A. D. 1612 ; Sojiers Islaitd Com- 
PAST 87 

CHAPTER IX. 
Later Career of Newport, Dale, Gates, Argall asd John Smith. 93 

CHAPTER X. 
Transportation- of Worthless jVdults and Pooh Children. . . 101 

CHAPTER XI. 
Affairs of the Northern Colony ; Voyage of Edward Brawntje ; 
Puritan Colonists Intended for the Southern Colont settle 
AT Plymouth, Mass 105 

CHAPTER XII. 

Administration of Governor Teardley ; Meeting of the First Leg- 
islature ; Introduction of Negro Slavery 110 

CHAPTER XIIL 

Gov. Wtatt's Administration; Massacre, Sickness and Famink; 

Letters of George Sandys, L.vdy Wyatt, William Capps. . . 118 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Sermons of Patrick Copland and John Donne before Virgista 

Company 134 

CHAPTER XV. 
John Rolfe and his White Wives. 140 

CHAPTER XVI. 

Affairs of the Company is London A. D. 1623, until the Abroga- 
tion of Charter ; Letter of Earl op Middlesex ; Disputes ; 
A Ballad ; Letter of John Bargrave 144 

CHAPTER XVII. 

Religious and Educational Efforts; Ministers Richard Buck, 
Poole, Glover. Alexander Whitaker, William Wickham, Wil- 
liam Mease ; Collections in England for College for Indians ; 



CONTENTS. XV 

Page. 
Legacy of Mart RoBrssox ; Report os Projected College ; 
Legacy of Five Httsdred PorsDs; jIixistees George Keith, 
Thomas Bargrate, David Sasds, Josas Stockton, Robert 
Paulett, Hawte Wyatt, Frascis Boltox, Willl^m Be>-sett, 
Thomas Write, William Leate. Gretille Poole y : First Eng- 
lish Free School J>rojected ; Legacy of George Ruggle ; Uxi- 
VEBsrrr asd School of Art Projected ; Lewis Hughks : Pat- 
rick Copland rs Bermudas 153 

APPENDIX. 

Prity CouKcn. on Lottery: Letter of Virginia Company to City 
of Salisbury ; The Affair of the Ship " Treasurer ; " Letter 
OF Baldwin ox Early Colonists ; Liturgy of Lewis Hughes ; 
Gov. Butler's Liturgy. jgg 



f ii!j)inia Wtin^i^. 



CHAPTER I. 

EVENTS IN CONNECTION WITH ORGANIZATION OF THE 
VIRGINIA CO^HPANT. 

T the beginning of the seventeenth 
century, Henry, the Earl of South- 
ampton, and a few others, revived 
the scheme of Sir Walter Raleigh, 
to found an English settlement 
in North America. Southampton, 
with his brother-in-law, Thomas, 
Earl Arundel, in 1605, sent out 
Captain Waymouth of Corkington, Devonshire, on a voyage 
of discovery, who returned on the eighteenth of July, to 
England, with five Indians, three of whom, were cared for 
by Sir Ferdinand Gorges, then in command of Plymouth 
Castle. In a few weeks, "Waymouth was preparing for 
another voyage, and on the 30th of October, articles of 
agreement were drawn^ by which Sir John Zouche, Knight, 

' Appendix to Eighth Report of Royal Commission on Histori- 
cal Manuscripts. 
1 




2 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

of Codnor, in Derbyshire, was to furnish at his own cost 
two ships with " all necessaries of victual, provision, 
munition, and two hundred able and sufficient men, fitting 
for a plantation and a colony." Sir John was to be chief, 
and Wayraouth second in command. If it so pleased 
God " to prosper and bless the intended voyage and the 
actors of the same, that thereby the land should be in- 
habited with an English nation, and according to politic 
estate of Government, proportion of land be allotted to 
each, as such should be transported thither to inhabit ; 
then, after Sir John should have made his choice, and 
assumed into his possession, in manner of inheritance 
such quantity of land as he should think good, Capt. 
Waymouth and his assigns to make his or their next 
choice of land, to hold of Sir John, as Lord Paramount." 

Before this agreement, Waymouth had arranged with 
Parker, Canne, Love, and Morgan of Plymouth to carry 
them " with their shipping and provision to the land 
of Virginia, there to fish and traffic, and do what else 
should be fitting for a merchant voyage." Zouche' con- 
sented to carry out this contract with the understanding 
that they were not to trade there longer than a year. 

Before the contract between Zouche and Captain 
Waymouth was carried into effect, a broader movement 
was initiated. In A.D., 1602, Richard Hakluyt, who as 
Prebendary of Bristol Cathedral had shown a deep 



' Captain Jobn Zouche, and Sir Walter Raleigh were each in 
command of a company at the siege in 1580 of the Spanish Fort 
near Tralee in the south-west part of Ireland, and in August, 1581, 
Zouche was promoted as Governor of Munster. 



VIRGINIA VETU8TA. 3 

interest in the voyages made to Virginia by Granville, 
Lane and White ; and in A.D., 1589, had published his 
still celebrated collection of Voyages and Discoveries, 
in some copies of which, is a map of America containing 
the names of Virginia and Lake Ontario, came up to 
London, to reside as Prebendary of Westminster Abbey. 
A few months after his arrival, died the illustrious Queen 
Elizabeth, and on the seventh of May, 1603, her successor, 
James the First, was received in London, when the com- 
plexion of political parties begun to change, and Hakluyt 
found those who had been, and were still, friendly to him, 
inimical to each other. By the influence of the Spanish 
party in politics, Sir Walter Raleigh, to whom he had 
dedicated some of his works, was now in the tower of 
London and the rough Chief Justice Popham another 
friend of American colonization had sentenced Raleigh to 
death. 

In the same tower, toward the close of the year, 
1605, was confined an earnest well-wisher to Virginia, 
Henry, the sixth Earl of Northumberland ; and in fre- 
quent converse, with these prisoners of State, was seen a 
common friend, Thomas Hariot,^ who had been a tutor in 
Raleigh's family, accompanied Grenville in 1585, to North 
Carolina, and written in 1588 " a briefe and true report 
of the New Found Land of Virginia." 



' Thomas Harlot born about 1560, was educated at Oxford. Wood 
in Athemn Oxonienses mentions that he was at one time a tutor in 
Raleigh's family. He was also in tlie employ of Henry Percy, Earl 
of Northumberland. Hallam writes that he " was destined to make 
the last great discovery in the pure science of Algebra." Des Cartes 
the French philosopher profited by his investigations. 



4 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

In the spirit of Chi-ist the Consoler, Hakluyt must have 
taken pleasure in visiting those in prison, and in con- 
versing with them, upon the different projects, that were 
talked over in the Royal Exchange, in Cornhill Ward, 
for the planting of a colony in Virginia. 

During the winter of 1605-6, the Earl of Southampton, 
Richard Hakluyt, and many " firm and hearty " friends 
of colonization agreed to unite in a Company for the 
settlement of Englishmen in North America, in which 
the interests of London and Bristol merchants would be 
acknowledged, and freedom to work, each by their own 
methods. 

On the 10th day of April, 1606, a patent was issued to 
Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers and others, to send 
a colony to Virginia. For the more speedy accomplish- 
ment of an English settlement the charter provided for 
" two several colonies and companies," each of which was 
to have a Council of thirteen persons to be guided by the 
King's instructions. Each council was to have a seal with 
the King's Arms engraved on one side, "and his 
portraiture on the other ; " on one side of the seal of the 
first colony were to be the words Sigillum rsgis Magnce 
Brittanioe, Francice mul Hihernice ; on the other side 
Pro concilio primce colonice Virginice. The seal of the 
second was the same as the first except the change in the 
legend on one side to Pro concilio secundce Colonice 
VirginioB 

There was also provision made for a Council, resident 
in England, known as the King's Council of Virginia which 
should have the managing and direction of the settlement 
within the limit of the thirty-fourth and forty-fifth degrees 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 5 

of north latitude. This Council was to have a seal like 
the others, but the legend on one side Pro Concilio avo 
Virginice. 




While the Charter was sealed on the tenth of April, it 
was not until the twentieth of November, 1606, that the 
King issued his first instructions, under the patent to his 
first Council of Virginia. 

The persons selected for the Council were men 
recognized as men of position not only in the city of 
London, but throughout England. 

By the instructions of the King, his Council in England 
for Virginia was empowered to appoint and direct the 
members of the Councils in Virginia. Each Colonial 
Council was not to exceed thirteen persons, and for just 
cause, a majority in each Council could remove the 
president, or any other member. 



6 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

It was also directed " that no person should be admitted 
to abide or remain in the said Colonies, but such as should 
take, not only the usual oath of obedience, but also the 
oath prescribed in the last session of Parliament, liolden at 
Westminster, in the fourth year of his Majesty's reign 
for due obedience to the King, his heirs, and successors.^" 

The King's Council of Virginia, also, on the tenth of 
December, issued orders for the captains, mariners and 
others that were about to settle the first Colony in Virginia^. 

On the 13th of May, 1607, the first colonists landed on 
a peninsula of Virginia selected for its good anchorage 
and named the settlement James Town in honor of the 
King. 



' The first instructions of the King's Council in England for Vir- 
ginia are fully given in Stith's History of Virginia, Williamsburg, 
1747, pp. 37-41. 

' These directions were for the first time printed in full in History 
of the Virginia Company of London, Joel Munsell, publisher, 
Albany, N. Y., 1869, pp. 4-14. 



CHAPTER II. 

FIRST COUNCIL IN VIRGINIA. NOTICES OF EARLY COLONISTS 
AFFAIRS AT JAJIESTOWN, A.D., 1607-A.D., 1609. 

[HE first Council in Virginia, appointed by the 
King's Council in England, were Edward Maria 
Wingfield, Capt. Bartholomew Gosnold, Capt. 
John Smith, Capt. John Ratcliffe, Capt. John 
Martin and Capt. George' Kendall. 

On the 13th of May, 1607, the members of the Council 
were sworn, but Captain John Smith, and Wingfield 
elected President. Some of the Council were by no means 
the flower of England, or the salt of the earth. 




Edward Maeia Wingfield. 

Wingfield was the son of Sir Thomas Maria Wingfield, 
who in 1597, was Knighted in Ireland for military services. 
He had not been an exemplary youth and is supposed to 
be the same person of whom Sir Francis Knollys on the 
28th of June, 1580, wrote to Walsingham, Secretary of 
State, in these words " Edward Wingfield is to be called 
before the Council for outrages in Kimbolton." He lived 
beyond his income before he attained the age of manhood. 
On the 28th of January, 1582, the Lords of the Privy 



' In History of the Virginia Company, Munsell, 1869, p. 15, 
Kendall's christian name, by a typographical error, is given as John. 



8 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Council wrote to the Lord Mayor of London " that Edward 
Wingfield, son and heir apparent to Thomas Wingfield of 
Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, had contracted certain debts, 
under age, to sundry persons in the city. Tlie Council 
had thought it meet to recommend the Lord Chancellor 
to examine into the said debts, and in the meantime to 
request the Lord Mayor to give instructions to the sheriff 
and officers of the city not to suffer any action to be pro- 
ceeded against the said Wingfield, or his securities." 

In 1588, he appears to have been in the Low Countries, 
for among the State Papers under date of the 5th of 
September, friends in England, petition that Edward 
Wingfield and Ferdinand Gorges, prisoners at Lisle, and 
others, might be exchanged for the Spanish prisoners 
lately taken in naval conflicts by Sir Francis Drake, and 
Sir Walter Raleigh. 

At the time that Wingfield embarked for Virginia, 
Gorges was Governor of Plymouth Castle and was 
anxious for the success of the expedition. 

Wingfield was designated as President of the Council, 
but in September, 1607, owing to dissatisfaction with his 
administration was removed, and his fellow councillor 
John Ratcliffe, elected. In 1608, he returned to 
England.^ 



' There are no traces of Wingfield's employment after his return 
to England. R. Beedham, Esq., of Ashfield House, Kimbolton, 
writes to me relative to the Wingfield family : "Their chief seat was 
the Castle in this parish, where I have lived all my life and in which 
I was born. Edward Maria Wingfield was the very man I believe, 
who sold the estate to Henry Montague, afterwards, Earl of Man- 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 



Baktholomew Gosnold. 



Captain Bartholomew Gosnold for honorable conduct, 
wide experience, and peaceful disposition would have 
been esteemed in any community, and formed a wide 
contrast to some of his associates. He was accompanied 
by his son Anthony, and his nephew Anthony, but died 
in August of the year of his arrival. 

John Smith. 

The life of Captain John Smith as told by himself is 
strano'er than fiction, and at variance with records. 
He was the elder son of George Smith, a farmer near 
Alford, in Lincolnshire, a poor and worthy tenant of 
Baron Willoughby, of Eresby, and Alice his wife. The 
baptismal register of the Church at Willoughby, shows 



Chester, whose lineal descendant, the Duke of Manchester, is now 
owner." 

Among the Manchester MSS., in her Majesty's Public Record 
OflSce, is a letter of Edward Maria dated February 21, 1641-2, in 
which asking for a troop in Ireland, where his father had served 
forty years before, he writes : " I confess I never knew wars but I 
doubt not my own industry and a willing mind to vanquish those 
inhuman and irreligious rebels, in time may make me worthy of 
that or the like honourable command." 

On the 29th of January, 1646-7, an order of Parliament was 
issued, authorizing "the sale by Edward Maria Wingfield of 
Keston in the county of Huntingdon, of so much of his estate as 
should produce £800 due upon a bond to Wolley Lee, of Thorpe, 
in the county of Surrey, Esquire, a delinquent since deceased." 
2 



10 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

that on the 6th of January, 1579-80 (O.S.), he received 
infant baptism. The father, George Smith, made liis will 
on the 30tli of March, which was on the 22d of April, 
1596, proved. Alice his wife at this time was still living. 
By the will, his son John, was to receive seven acres of 
pasturage. By these records, it is evident that John was 
about seventeen years old when his father died. 

Upon the first page of his " True Travels, Adventures 
and Observations," Smith writes : " His parents dying 
when he was about thirteen years of age, left him a 
competent means, which he not being capable to manage, 
little regarded ; his mind being, even then, set upon 
brave adventures, sold his satchel, books, and all he had, 
intending, secretly, to get to sea, but that his lather's 
death stayed him." 

There is a confusion in this sentence hard to explain : 
First, his parents both dying when he was about thirteen 
years of age, and left with competent means ; tlien, 
selling his books to go to sea, but stopped by his father's 
death, which he mentions in the beginning of the para- 
graph as having already taken place. His father made 
him and his younger brother, executors of his will, with 
another person as supervisor. At the age of fifteen, 
Smith asserts that he was bound an apprentice to Mr. 
Thomas Sendall of Lynn, from whom he ran away. He 
then attended "Mr. Perigrine Barty [Bertie] into 
France." 

While Smith avoids dates, the Public Record Office at 
London, contains the following, dated Greenwich, June 
26, 1599: "Licence to Peregrine Bertie, younger son of 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. H 

Lord Willoughby' of Eresby, to travel for three years, 
with his tutor, two servants, two horses, and 60l in 
money." Smith was one of the two servants, and twenty 
years of age. Peregrine met his brother Robert, in 
France, and after travelling for several years both were 
at Padua, and here, Robert, on the 3d of July, 1G03, writes 
to King James of Pjngland, who had been on the throne, 
but a few months, and congratulates him on his accession, 
thanks him fur his "letters commending himself and 
brother to the Duke [of Tuscany] and begs permission to 
continue his travels, till his estate, which is left in hands 
of Trustees during his minority, had paid oflF sundry debts 
of his late father." 

John Smith alludes to meeting in Italy with "his dear 
friends, the two Honourable Brethren, the Lord Willoughby 
and his Brother." It is possible that the two Berties had 
been in Austria and Hungary, and reached Padua by way 
of Vienna and Venice, their father in 1595, having been 
in the last city. 

Smith's statement is, that he " was desirous to see more 
of the world, and trie his fortunes against the Turkes." 
Crossing over to France, after some wonderful adventures, 
he reached Marseilles, and there shipped for Italy. 
Being thrown overboard because he was an Englishman 



' Peregrine Bertie, the father, was in 1580, created Baron 
Willoughby of Eresby. In 1582, he was sent to Denmark, and 1587 
commanded the English array, in the Low Countries. In 1589, he 
was sent with English troops to the aid of Henry the 4th of France. 
In 1595, he was at "Venice. In 1598, Governor of Barwick, and in 
1601, ho died. 



12 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

and a " Hugonoit," be was picked up by a friendly vessel, 
which carried him to Alexandria, in Egypt. From thence 
he went with the Captain to the coast of Italy. Reach- 
ing Leghorn, he travelled to Rome, saw " the Pope, 
Clement the Eighth, with many cardinalls creepe up the 
holy stayres, which they say are those our Saviour Christ 
went up to I'ontius Pilate." " Having saluted Father 
Parsons that famous English Jesuite " and satisfied 
himself with Rome, he visited other Italian cities, and 
going eastward at length reached Gratz, in Stiria, where 
through a Baron Kisell of the Artillery, he entered the 
regiment of the Earl of Meldritch. 



Smith's alleged Experiences in the Austrian Empire. 

While Ferdinand the Archduke was besieging Canisia, 
the Duke de Mercurie (Mercoeur) was before Alba 
Regalis, the Stuhl Weissenburg, of modern maps. 

Smith writes that " after the losse of Caniza, the Turks 
with twentie thousand besieged the town of Olumpagh." 
The sentence is obscure. On the twenty-second of 
October, of A.D. 1600, Canisia surrendered to the Turks 
and immediately after, in the words of Knolles' the best 



' The " General Historie of the Turkes," by Richard Knolles, 
sometime Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, appeared in 1610, a 
work of great fairness and accuracy, was much commended a year 
after Smith's return from Virginia. It gives full details of the 
conflict at Stuhl Weissenburg, Canisia, and other points. A third 
edition was printed by Adam Islij), A.D. 1621, a copy of which is 
before the writer, a large folio of more than 1400 pages, with 
numerous well engraved portraits of Sigismund and others. Knolles, 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 13 

authority we h<ave on these events, the Turks " foraged 
the country without resistance." 

The Siege of OnjMPAn. 

The siege of Olumpah^ by twenty thousand Turks, 
where Smith asserts, that he so distinguished himself as 
to be promoted to the captaincy of two hundred and fifty 
men under Voldo, Earl of Meldritch, Knolles though quite 
minute, in his details, does not even mention. 

Alba Regalis Besieged. 

The Duke de Mercurie led an army of Imperialists 
against the stronghold Alba Regalis.'^ 

Knolles. Smith. 

" The Bassa upon promise of " The Bashaw * * * * 

his life yielded, and was by the Seeing most of his men slaine 

Dnke [Mercoeur] presently sent before him by the valiant Captain, 

into the camp." Earle Meldritch, who took him 

prisoner with his owne hands, 
and with the hazard of himself 
saved him from the fury of other 
troops." 



on page 1136 writes that " God in his wisdom still tempereth the 
sweet with the sour. Smith, in Chapter VIII, writes that " the loss 
of the army so intermingled the sour with the sweets." One who 
reads Knolles gains the impression that the book was used in the 
preparation of Smith's Travels. 

' There is an Alt Lendva or Ober Lindva on a tributary of the 
Muhr river west of Canisia, and Obel Limpach, north of Canisia, 
on the river Raab. 

'Alba Regalis the burial place of fourteen Hungarian Kings 



14 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

On the 4th of November, A.D., 1601, a division of 
Mercoeur's army under Russworm arrived at Canisia, but 
the Earl Meldritch w<Mit according to Smith to Transyl- 
vania, where hearing of tlie death of Michael and the 
Duke de Mercoeur, united with Sigismund, against George 
Basta, of the leader of the Imperialists. 

Three Turk's Heads. 

Meldritch is now represented as fighting against the 
Turks, and Smith gives a description of a siege of a 
Turkish stronghold in which Zachell Moyses was General 
of the Army, of which KnoUes does not make the slightest 
mention. The Christians according to Smith occupied 
nearly a month in intrenching themselves, around the 
division of the Turks. Here " to delight the ladies who 
did long to see some court-like pastime " the Turkish 
Captain challenged the Christians to a single combat. 
By lot, Smith was selected and entering the list soon 
killed, and cut off the head of his Turkish opponent 
which was presented to Moyses. He then had a second 
encounter with the Turk Gonalgo and took his head. 
Then a third encounter with Bonny Mulgro, who lost his 
head, as the others. 

After Smith had taken the three Turk's heads, Moyses 
brought the army to a point not far from Prince Sigis- 
mund's palace, the town of Abbe Julia or Karlsburg and 
here Smith alone relates that Sigismund recognized his 
valuable services, by giving him under his hand and seal 
a patent for a coat of arms containing three Turk's heads 
in a shield. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 15 

Duke Sioismund. 

KnoUes mentions that in 1602, the Duke Sigismund 
finding that he would not receive the aid promised by the 
Turks, thought it wise to resign in favor of George Basta 
the leader of the German Emperor's forces. 

Zachell Moyses indignant at this step upon the part of 
his Prince, with a force of Turks, Tartans and Transyl- 
vanians attacked Basta, was defeated, and then fled to 
the Turks, near Temeswar. After this according to 
Smith, Meldritch fought under Basta. 

Battle of Rotterton. 

The people of Wallachia declaring for Radoll as their 
Governor, he obtained the assistance of Basta to hold his 
position against the Turks. The two armies met in the 
valley of Veristhorne between the Aluta River, and Rot- 
terton^ mountain and there was, writes KnoUes, " a most 
terrible and bloody battell the glorie whereof fell unto 
Raddoll." 

Here on the 18th of November, 1602, Smith declares 
he was taken prisoner by Lord Bashaw, of Cambria a 
country of Tartania, and bought by Bogall, was sent to his 
fair mistress at Constantinople for a slave. Having com- 
passion on him the mistress sent him to her brother the 
Bashaw of Nalbrits. Here to his disappointment he was 
most cruelly treated, he therefore one day bea*: out the 
Bashaw's brains with his threshing bat, and fled. During 



' Rotterton is the Rother-thurmus Pass of modern maps. 



16 VIRGINIA VErUSTA. 

his wanderings he was everywhere well treated, and in 
time reached Hermanstadt, in Transylvania, where he 
was " glutted with content, and near drowned with joy." 
From thence he went to Prague, in Bohemia, and found 
Prince Sigismund and his Colonel at Lipswick, in Misen- 
land where on the 9th of December, 1603, for the second 
time he received a patent of arras from Sigismund, the 
coat embracing three Turks' heads. 

We will probably never know why nearly twenty-two 
years elapsed before Smith had these arms registered in 
the office of the Herald of Arms at London, but in this 
connection it will not be out of place to give an ex- 
tract from the De Repuhlica Anglorum, written by 
Sir Thomas Smith, the learned Secretary of Queen Eliza- 
beth. " As for gentlemen they be made good cheape in 
England. * ***** A King of Heraulds shal 
also giue him for mony, armes newly made and in- 
uented, the title whereof shall pretende to haue been 
found by the said Herauld in perusing and viewing of 
olde registers. * * * * Or if he will do it more 
truely and of better faith, he will write that for the 
merrites of that man and certain qualities which he doth 
see in him, and for sundrie noble actes which he hath per- 
formed, he, by the authoritie, which he hath as King of 
Heraldes and armes giveth to him and his heirs these 
armes." 

It is not surprising that one so fond of adventure should 
apply to go to Virginia, and that the following letter, 
ascribed to him should have been written : 

" I have given to understand ther ys a voyage for the 
South parttss, yff it be so that you thinke good of yt, and 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 17 

that jt may be to evrye good purpos, I praye to have 
your furdorans in yt. And yt be that you dealle in the 
said vyage, I ame att you- Worship's comraandmentt, 
otherwyse nott, nott without your consentt. I wolde 

[letter here destroyed by fire] one vyage into the 

North parts. I wolde knowne your pleasure herein, and 

that knowne I wylle make ray as you will assyne 

me. Your Worship shall have rae in Plemouthe, this 

the . God preserve you. From Brystowe, the last 

of November. 

Your Obeydent, 
Smythe.^ 

' The names indicated by the blanks, have been destroyed by the 
fire, wliich in 1731, occurred at Asliburnhara House where the 
manuscripts of Cotton were then kept. The letter is endorsed as 
that of Captain John Smith, and is still preserved among the 
Cotton manuscripts in the British Museum. As Dr. Symonds of 
Oxford, in 1612, assisted Smith in the preparation of his first work 
printed after his return fiom Virginia, Cotton and othur literary 
men may have prepared those eeulences in " The True Travels " 
A.D. 1630, which indicate an acquaintance with classical literature 
and an extensive reading. In the dedication of this book to the 
Earls of Pembroke, Lindsey and Dover, Smith begins in these 
words : " Sir Robert Cotton, that mo.st learned treasurer of an- 
tiquity, having by perusal of my General History, and others, 
found that I likewise had undergone divers other as hard hazards 
and other parts of the world requested me to fix the whole course 
of my passages in a booke by itselfe whose noble desire I would but 
in part satisfy, the rather because they have acted my fatal Trage- 
dies upon the stage, and racked my Relations at their pleasure. 
To prevent therefore all future misprisions, I have compiled this 
true discourse. Envie hath taxed me to have writ too much, and 
done too little ; but that such should know how little I esteeme 
them I have writ this, more for the satisfaction of my friends, and 
all generous and well disposed Readers." 
3 



18 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Accustomed to a life of viscisitudes and full of energy, 
Smith was popular with the colonists, a majority of them 
of the baser sort, and on the 10th of September, 1608, at 
their request he was elected President of the Council, but 
the next year was sent to England to answer for some 
misdemeanors.^ 

John Ratcliffe. 
John Ratcliffe Wcas one of whom little is known. His 
real name was said to have been Sicklemore. He suc- 
ceeded Wingfield as President of the Council, but in 
September, 1608, was succeeded by Smit'h, and returned 
to England, but in July, 1609, came back in one of the 
ships of the fleet of Sir Thomas Gates, and in 1610 was 
slain by the Indians. 

John Martin. ^ 

John Martin had influence with the London Company, 
and appears as an adventurer to the amount of seventy 
pounds sterling. He was a brother-in-law of Sir Julius 
Csesar, Master of the Rolls, and remained a prominent 
citizen of Virginia until the dissolution of the Company. 
Among the Caesar MSS. in the British Museum is one 
catalogued " Proposals of Thomas [John] Martin " dated 
December 9, 1622, " respecting the question between the 
Virginia Company and himself," and there is also a letter 
of his from Virginia, March 8, 1626, to Sir Julius Caesar. 
While he was grasping and arbitrary in disposition, he 
was the only one of the first colonists who maintained a 



' History of Virginia Company, p. 32. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 19 

prominent position both in Virginia and England for 
nearly the quarter of a century. As late as December 19, 
1623, the Privy Council of England, in a letter to the 
Governor and Company of Virginia, refers to " Capt. John 
Martin, a planter of Virginia having been detained a good 
while in England, by reason of controversies concerning 
that plantation who is now returning with some of his 
servants," and recomended that "more than ordinary 
respect should be had of him." 

George Kendall. 

George Kendall the last of the first designated coun- 
cillors was deposed, and upon the testimony of one Read 
a blacksmith, while at the gallows, he was arrested, tried, 
and hung for an alleged conspiracy. There is no direct 
mention of his antecedents. He may be the young Scotch- 
man who had been educated at Westminster School, and 
for seven years served in the wars of the Low Countries, 
who petitioned in his poverty for employment, and was 
sent by Sir Robert Cecil as his servant to Paris. In 
January, 1601-2, this George Kendall was "a prisoner in 
the Chelsea." 

Colonists of A.D. 1607. 

George Percy, the youngest brother of the ninth Earl of 
Northumberland, was not only of the most distinguished 
parentage, but one of the first who landed at James-Town, 
and he will be noticed in another chapter. 

Among the colonists who arrived in May, 1607, was 
Andrew Buckler, of Wyke Regis. His name does not 



20 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

appear in the list of colonists but Smith in the seventh 
chapter of the book of his adventures, writes " And where 
Newport durst not go with less than one hundred and 
twenty, he only took with him Captain Waldo, Mr. 
Andrew Buckler, Edward Brinton, and Samuel Collier." 
Buckler did not remain long in Virginia, and among the 
documents in the Public Record Office, London, there is a 
paper relative to certain patents which he had inherited, 
in which he mentions that he intends marriage. 

The only residents in Virginia, who landed in 1607, the 
time of the dissolution of the London Company, were 
John Dods, William Garret (Jarrett) and John Laydon. 

Dods in the list of passengers given by Smith is called 
a laborer, and was about eighteen years of age when he 
landed from the ship Susan Constant. In January, 162?', 
he was living at Charles City, and Jane, his wife, was 
four years older. He planted one hundred and fifty acres 
of land, opposite James City, which he obtained by patents, 
and had fifty within the corporation of James City.' 

William Garret in the list a bricklayer, in the manu- 
script transactions of the Virginia Company of London, 
for April, 1620, is called " William Jarratt, an ancient 
inhabitant for thirteen years ; " he had a patent for two 
hundred acres in the " Weyonoke " district. 

John Laydon, when he came in the " Susan Constant " 
was twenty six years of age and was registered as a 
laborer. His wife Ann came in the " Mary Margaret " 
which arrived in the fall of 1608, and was then thirteen 

' Hotteii. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 21 

years old. In January, 1625, four daughters were living. 
He resided at Elizabeth City.' 

Among the experienced mariners on the ships which 
brought the colonists, were Robert Tyndall, Francis 
Nelson and Matthew Fytch (Fitch). 

Robert Tyndall (Tindall) is alluded to by Birch in his 
life of Prince Henry, in these words " Mr. Robert Tindall 
the Princes' Gunner being employed by the Virginia 
Company, established in 1606, by his Majesty's letters 
patent in a voyage to the country in a fleet commanded 
by Captain Christopher Newport " arrived in Virginia in 
May, 1607, and "thought it his duty to send to his 
Highness, a journal of that voyage,* and a draught of 
James River, with a letter dated at James Town, the 22 
of June, 1607." 

Francis Nelson, called by Smith " an honest man and 
expert mariner " returned to Virginia, Captain of the 
" Phoenix," and the next year was Master of the " Falcon " 
of the Gates fleet. In the same fleet, Matthew Fitch was 
Master of a "Catch." 

Passengers of the " Joux axd Francis." 
In the " John and Francis," Captain Newport arrived 
the second time, in January, 1607-8, in Virginia. 

Michael Scrivener was the person of most importance 
among the passengers, having subscribed £100 as an 
adventurer of the Company, and was appointed by them 



Hotteti. 



■' May not the Journal of Newport Discoveries published for the 
fir«t tune AD. 1800, in Vol. IV. Coll. of American Antiquarian 
Society, pp. 40-65, have been written by Tindall ? 



22 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

to be of the Council in Virginia. In Smith's Tnis Travels 
he is mentioned as " a very wise understanding gentle- 
man." 

Thomas Savage came in this vessel and was then a 
boy. He was given unto Powhatan as a hostage for 
Namontack, a young Indian, who Captain Newport took 
with him to England. Eventually he settled upon the 
eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, at a point still known 
as Savage's Neck, and was considered a valuable interpre- 
ter. John Pory mentions that he served the public without 
recompense, and in the discharge of duty an Indian arrow 
was shot through his body. He was married to Ann or 
Hannah whose family name is not given,' bat in the 
muster of January, 1624—5, she is mentioned as coming 
over in 1621, in the ship " Sea Flower." He died before 
1627, and his only son John, was born in 1624, and was 
a Magistrate of the Colony, and a member of the House of 
Burgesses. 



Passengers of "Mart Margaret." 

In September, 1608, Captain Newport, in the ship 
Mary Margaret" arrived for the third time in Virginia, 



' Thomas Savage died before his wife. In the Virginia Land 
Records at Richmond. Book No. 1, p. 59, " Hannah Savadge widow 
of Thomas Savadge, gent " has 50 acres " on the Eastern shoare 
within the p'cinct of the plantacon of Accomanke on the considera- 
tion of the annual payment of foure shillings at the feast of S't. 
Michael the Archangel, Nov. 27, 1627." Tlie widow became the 
wife of Daniel Cugley, who in the ship " London Merchant " in 1620, 
came to Virginia, and in 1627, was about thirty-five years of 
age. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 23 

bringing with him as members of tho Council, Captain 
Peter Winne and Captain Richard Waldo, "ancient 
soldiers and valiant gentlemen." 

By this ship Captain John Smith mentions that Scriv- 
ener '•' received letters from England to make himself, 
either Cassar, or nothing." 

Among the passengers living January, 1624-5, were 
Anne Burras (Burroughs), a maid who came over with 
the wife of Thomas Forrest, and married John Laydon ; 
David Ellis at James Town, who had married an immi- 
grant named Margaret ; Richard Taylor at Charles City 
who, in 1608, was thirty-four years of age. He married 
one of the maidens named Dorothy, who at the age of 
seventeen in May, 1620, had arrived in the "London 
Merchant." 

Captain Francis Nelson who left England in charge of 
the ship " Phoenix," at the same time as Captain Newport, 
was separated by a storm, and did not reach James Town 
until the spring of 1608. Of the passengers that came 
with him but one was living, in January, 1624-5, named 
Nathaniel Causey. He married a maiden whose christian 
name was Thomasine, who came out in 1609, in the 
" Lion " one of the fleet of Sir Thomas Gates. His resi- 
dence was at Jordan's Journey, of the Charles City dis- 
trict, and he had a patent for two hundred acres. 




'S>C:/..l« 



CHAPTER III. 




VIRGINIA AFFAIRS IN ENGLAND, A.D. 1607-1608. 

Letter of Newport. First report of Council in Virginia. 
Reasons for a public stock. Notice of the King's Councii. 
FOR Virginia in England. Early publication. 

FTER a speedy voyage of thirty-seven days, 
Captain Newport anchored on the 29th of July, 
1607, in Plymouth Sound, and immediately 
wrote to Lord Salisbury. 

Right Ho"'"- 

My verie good Lo. my duty in most humble wise re- 
membered, it may please y*"" good L°'p I arrived here in 
the Sound of Plimouth, this dale, from the discourie of 
that parte of Virginia, imposed uppon me, and the rest 
of the Colonie for the South parte, in w'^'' wee haue per- 
formed o"^ duties to the uttermost of o"' powers. And haue 
discoueried into the country near two hundred miles, and 
a River nauigable for great Shippes one hundred and fifty 
miles. The contrie is excellent and very rich in gold 
and copper, of the gould we haue brought a Say and hope 
to be w"* y'' Lo'pp shortlie, to show it his Ma*'' and the 
rest of the Lords. I will not deliuer the expectaunce and 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 25 

assurance we haue of great wealth, but will leaue it 
yor Lqp'8 censure when you see the probabilities. I wish 
I might haue come in person to haue brought this glad 
tidings, but my inability of body, and the not having any 
man to putt in trust with the shippe, and that in her, 
maketh me to deferre my coming 'till wind and weather 
be fauourable. And so I most humbly take my leaue. 
From Plimouth, this 29th of Julie, 1607. 

Your Lp'^ most humbly bounden, 

Christopher Newporte. 

He brought with him the first official report of the 
Council in Virginia to the Council of Virginia in England. 



First Report of Council in Virginia. 

Wee acknowledge ourselues accomptable for o*^ time 
here spente, were it but to giue you satisfaccon of o'' indus- 
tries and afieccons to this moste Ho''''' accon, and the 
better to quicken those good spirrits w'^'' haue alreadie 
bestowed theraselues heere, and to put life into such dead 
understandings or beleefs that must first see and feele the 
wombe of o'' labour, and this land before they will enter- 
taine anie good hope of vs or of the land. 

\yth jj^ jggg tijgn scauen weekes, wee are fortified well 
against the Indians, we haue sowen good store of wheate, 
wee haue sent you a taste of Clappboord, wee haue built 
some houses, wee haue spared some hands to a discouerie, 
and still as God shall enhable us w"" strength we will 
better and better our proceedings. 
4 



26 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Our easiest and richest commodity being Sassafrax 
rootes were gathered upp by the Sailors w"" losse and 
spoile of manie of our tools,' and w"" drawing of o' men 
from our labour, to these vses againste our knowledge to 
our preiudice, wee earnestly entreat you (and doe truste) 
that you take such order as wee be not in this thus 
defrauded, since they be all our waged men, yet doe wee 
wishe that they be reasonable dealt w"" all, so as all the 
losse, neither fall on vs, nor them. I beleeue they haue 
thereof two tonnes at the leaste w"" if they scatter abroad 
at their pleasure, will pull down our price for a long time, 
this wee leaue to your wisdomes. The land would fflowe 
w"" milke and honey if so seconded by y" careful! 
wisedoraes, and bountifull hands, wee doe not persuade 
to that one Assume to seeke another, but to finde them 
both. And wee doubt not but to send them home w"* 
goulden heads, at leaste our desires, laboures, and lives 
shall to that engage themselves. 

Wee are settdowne 80 miles w"* in a River, for breadth, 
sweetness of water, length navigable upp into the countr}', 
deepe and bold channell so stored w^"" Sturgion and other 
sweet Fishe as no mans fortune hath ever possessed the 
like. And as wee thincke if more sway be wished in a 
River it will be founde. The soile is most fruittefull 
laden w"' good Oake, Ashe, Wallnut tree, Popler, Pine, 
sweet woodes, Cedar, and others yett w"' out names that 
yeald gumes pleasant as Frankumcense, and experienced 
amongest vs for greate vertewe in healing greene woundes 
and aches, wee entreat your succours for o"^ seconds w"" all 



' Wei-e the Sassafrass roots the alleged "old-dii-l of John Smith? 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 27 

expedition least tliat all devouringe Spaniard lay his 
ravenous hands uppon these gold showing mountains, 
w*^*" if it be so enhabled he shall neuer dare to thinck one. 

This noate doth make known where o"' necessities do 
raoste strik vs, we beseech y'"' present releiffe accordinglie 
otherwise to o"' greatest and last griefes, wee shall against 
our willes, not will that w'''' wee most willingly would. 

Captain Newport hath seene all and knoweth all, he 
can fully satisfie your further expectations, and ease you 
of untedious letters, wee most humbly praie the heauenly 
King's hand to bless o"' labours, w"" such consuiles and 
helpes as we may further and .stronger proceede in this 
King's and countries service. 

Jamestowne in Virginia, this 22th of June, A°° 1607. 

Your poore Friends, 

Edward Maria Wingfield, Bartholomew Gosnold, 
John Smith, John Ratcliffe, 

John Martine, George Kendall. 

After remaining a few raonth.s in England, Newport 
sailed again, in company with another ship under Captain 
Nelson and arrived in the evening of the 8th of January, 
1607-8, at Jamestown, with supplies and passengers. It 
had become evident from his report while in England, 
that if a 8ucces.sful colony was planted, it must be looked 
upon as a public enterprise, and not as the movement of 
a few noblemen and merchants for personal gain. 

About the time that Newport was entering Chesapeake 
Bay upon second voyage to Virginia, on the 5th of January, 



28 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

1607-8, the following paper to move Parliament to raise 
a stock for the maintaining of a Colony in Virginia was 
prepared. It is an able document, and worthy of pre- 
servation. It has been copied from the original among 
the Lausdowne MSS. in the British Museum. The 
signature is T. and a surname hard to read, perhaps EUes- 
mere, then Lord Chancellor, and a member of the Privy 
Council. 



Reasons or Motives for the raising of a puhlique stock to 
he employed for the peopling and discovering of such 
Countries as may be found most convenient for the supp)ly 
of those defects which this Realme of England most 
requireth. 

1. All Kingdoms are maintained by rentes or traffique, 
but especially by the latter which in maritime places 
most florisheth by means of Navigation. 

2. The Eealme of England is an Islande impossible to 
be otherwise fortifyed than by strong shipps and able 
mariners, and is secluded from all comers, with those of 
the maine continent, therefore fit abundance of vessels be 
prepared to export and import merchandize. 

3. The furniture of shipping consists in Masts, cordage, 
pich, tar, Rossen, ye of which England is by nature 
unprovided, and at this point enjoyeth them only by the 
favor of forraigne patents. 

4. The life of shipping resteth in number of able 
mariners, and of worthy chieftaines which cannot be 
mantained without assurance of rewarde, of honourable 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 29 

meanes to be employed and sufficient second of their 
adventures. 

5. Private purses are covvld compfortes to adventurers, 
and have ever been founde fatall to all enterprices hitherto 
undertaken by the English, by reason of delaies, jelocies, 
and unwillingness to backe that project which succeeds 
not at the first attempt. 

6. The example of Hollinders is verie pregnant, by a 
maine backe or stocke, have affected marvously, matters 
in traffique and navigacon in five years. 

7. It is honorable for a State rather to backe an exploite 
by publique consent, than by a private monoply. 

8. Where Collonies are founded for a publique well 
may continewe in better obedience, and become more 
industrious, then vvhei'e private men are absolute signers 
of a voiage, forasmuch as better men of havier and 
qualitie will engage themselves in a publique service 
which carieth more reputacon with it, than a private, 
which is for the most part ignominious in the end, as 
being presumed to ayme at a lucre, and is subject to 
emulacon, fraude and envie, and when it is at the 
greatest hight of fortune can hardly be tolerated by reason 
of the jelosie of State. 

9. The manifest decaye of shipping and mariners, and 
of manie Borow and Porte townes hauens cannot be 
released by private increase, nor amended otherwise than 
by a voluntary consent of manie purees of the well [weal ?] 
publique. 

10. It is publicly knowne that traffique with our 
neighbor Countries begins to be of small request, the 



30 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

gaine seldom answering the merchantes adventure, and 
forraigne States either are already, or at this present 
are preparing to enrich themselves with woole and cloth 
of their owne, which heretofore they borrowed of us which 
purpose of theirs being achieved in Fraunce, and it hath 
been already in Spaigne and Italy, therefore we must of 
necessity we must foregoe our great showing if wee doo 
not wish [to] prepare a place fit for the vent of our wares, 
and so fit our mariners on worke who dayly run to serve 
foraigne nacons for wante of employment, and cannot be 
restrained by anie lawe, when necessatie enforseth them 
to serve, and hire of a stranger, rather than to serve at 
home. 

11. That Realme is most compleet and wealthie which 
either hath sufficient to serve itselfe or can finde the 
meanes to exporte of the naturall comodity when it hath 
occasion necessarily to importe, consequently it must in- 
force that by a publique consent, a Collony transported into 
a good and plentiful climate able to furnish our wants, our 
meines, and wares that nowe run into the handes of our 
adversaries, or cowld [cold ?] frendse, shall pass unto our 
frendse and natural kinsmen, and from them likewise we 
shall receive such things as shall be most available to our 
uecessaties, rich intercourse of trade may rather be called 
a home bread trafique than a forraigne exchange. 

12. Forraigne nacons yearly attempt discoveries in 
strange coasts moved thereto by the jelosie of State which 
effecteth that gaine, most which is gotten either without 
anie trick of their neighbours or at least by smallest 
advantage that may turne unto them by their traffiqe. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 31 

13, Experience teacheth us that it is dangerous to our 
State to enterprise a discovery, and not to proceed therein, 
even to the verie sifting, it to the uttermost, for not only 
disreputacoii groweth thereby, disability, and power weake 
to proceed or bowraiing our owne Idelness, and want 
of Couusell to manage our enterprise, as if, the glorious 
State of ours rather brocked by the vertue of our 
ancestors, than of our owne worthines. 

14. The want of our fresh and present supplie of our 
discoveries hath in manner broken away the title which 
the Lawe of nacons giveth us, unto the coast first found 
out by our Industrie, forasmuch as whatsoever a man re- 
linquisheth may be claymed by the next finder, as his 
just property, neither is it sufficient to set foot in a 
Countrie, but to possess and hould it, in defence of an in- 
vading force (for want whereof) the king of Denmark 
intendeth into the north-west passage (as it is reported) 
and it is also reported that the french intends to inhabit 
Virginia which they may easily achieve, if their second 
prove strong, and ours languishe for want of sufficient and 
tymely supplie which cannot be had but by the meanes of 
multitude contributory. 



The circumstances 7ieces8anli/ to backe a GoUony, sent out 

are these. 

1. A reputacon and opinion of the interprice. 

2. A compotent some of monie raised aforehande to 
supplie all accidentes that distrust; hereby maye be 
wrought in forraigne States to attempt anie thing that 



32 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

in prejudice of our Collouies because they may be well 
assured that where there is not a publique purse, and 
comon consent to proseceut an accion, it is but botlesse 
to hope of advantage to be gotten without revenge. 

3. As fewe are most apt to make a Conquest so are 
publique weales fitter to hould what is gotten, and skil- 
fuller by Industrie to eurich it. 

4. It is probable that if the whole State be engaged in 
these adventures it will be no harde matter when aparant 
grownde of profit is laid, to persuade every County 
according to the proportion of bigness and abilitie to 
builde barkes and shippes of a competent size and to 
maintaine them, when gentleraans' youngest sons, and 
other men of qualitie maye be imployed. 

5. Also it imported much that no man be suffered to 
venture more than he may be deamed able to spare out 
of his owne supfluity, or if he go in person, he would 
idely spend at home ; lest such men entering into a rage 
of repentance, and thereby discourage others, and scan- 
dilize the enterprize. 

The mouie to be raised to the use and purposes afore- 
said. 

1. Ought not to be levied of those things which may 
hinder the comen wealth to enjoye the necessaries of 
victualle and apparell, but shall rather advance them to 
the needy. 

2. It shall not be raised without moderacon and ease 
to the payer, neither shall anie thinge be demanded from 
anie man without presente aparance of gaine and hope of 
further profit. 



VIRGINIA VJETUSTA. 33 

3. It shall not be raised upon the sweat of the poore, 
or Industrie of the husbandman, artificer, or tradesman. 

4. It is not so to be levied to a private intent. 
But it is to be raised 

1. Upon the emoderate gaines of those that contrary to 
lawe abuse the poore, but in such sorte that the payer 
shall for every ijd paid gaine iijd. 

2. That they upon whome the maine chardge of pay- 
ment shall lye maye [be] greater gainers than the mer- 
chant adventurer. 

3. That the whole State shall be interested in the 
benefit of it. 

4. That the superflous waste maye be avoyded of 
which the poore most want. 

5. The merchandise increasing thereby : the Realme 
shall be enriched yearly raanie thowsande poundes, and 
the King's imposts and custoraes increased. 

6. That at the least CC [two hundred] thowsande 
poundes yearly maybe saved in the Realme which nowe 
is consumed, to the displeasure of God, and hurte of the 
people. 

Also it is reason that the King's Ma"' have as well, 
parte of the monie so raised either to adventure or other- 
wise dispose at his Highness good pleasure. 

1. In respect, of his roiall assent to be given to an Act 
of Parliament enabling Commissionors to gather the monies 
aforesaid. 

2. Priviledges and lysence to transport a CoUonie, or 
CoUonies, are to be obtained at the King's handes, neither 

5 



34 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

is it reason that his Highness' prerogative should be 
valued at nothinge. 

3. That the Kings Ma"" will be engaged in honor the 
rather to assist and protect the project. 

4. It would savier too much of affectation of a popular 
State to levie without imparting some convenient porcon 
to his Ma"= 

5. That porcon ought not to be so small that it should 
seame to undervalue the King's greatnes and favo''- 

5 Januarii, 1607 [0. S.]. 

A Teue Relation of Virginia. 

On the loth of August, 1608, John Tappe, printer, and 
William Welby, bookseller at the sign of the Grey Hound 
in Paul's church yard, entered at Stationers' Hall, a book 
called " A True Relation of Suche Occurrences and 
Accidentes of Note as Have Happened in Virginia Synce 
the First Planting of the Colonye, Which is nowe Resi- 
dent in the South Parte of Virginia, till Master Nelson's 
Comminge Away from Thence." 

It was published with the title slightly changed. In 
the place oi Master Nelsons comminge away," were inserted 
the words " laste returne. 

The earlier copies have on the title page " written by 
Thomas Watson Gent, one of the Collony." Some copies 
written simply " By a Gentleman," other copies " By 
Captaine Smith Coronell of the said Collony."^ 



' Mr. Charles Deane in the preface to " A True Relation of 
Virginia," published in 1876, by Wiggin and fce«t,- Boston, has 
given a full account of the variations in the title. 




e^,5^' 





CHAPTER IV. 

TRANSACTIONS OF THE COMPANY IN ENGLAND, A. D. 1608-1609. 

Public collections. Crakanthorpe's Sermon. Discourse of 
Symonds at White Chapel. A Good Speed to Virginia. 
Second Charter. King's Councillors for Virginia. Sermon 
OF Daniel Price. Publication of Nova Britannia. Gates 

AND SOMERS EXPEDITION. 

|OWARD the close of the year 1608, Captain 
Newport returned from his third voyage to 
Virginia, and the Company felt the necessity of 
enlisting the sympathy of the King, noblemen, 
statesmen, and prominent merchants of London. It was 
determined after careful deliberation, to send out, more 
ships with better supplies, and a larger number of Colonists, 
and Lord Delaware was elected Governor and Captain 
General. Books were printed and sermons preached at 
Paul's Cross, and other points, where a crowd would listen, 
calling the attention of the poorer people to the proposed 
expedition. The Council recommended that the cor- 
poration of London, the several wards, and livery Com- 
panies of the City should subscribe to the fund for fitting 
out a new expedition. The Iron Mongers advanced £150, 
and the Merchant Tailors near £600, and these with the 



36 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

contributions of the different wards of the city amounted 
to £18.000 contributed for the support of the Colony.* 

On the 24th of March, 1608-9, 0. S., the anniversary of 
the accession of King James, Richard Crakanthorpe, a 
fellow of Queen's College Oxford, and an able theologian 
of Puritan tendencies, preached a sermon in the open air, 
at Paul's Cross and in these words alluded to the new 
expedition for Virginia : " Let the honourable expedition 
now intended for Virginia be a witness, enterprised, I say 
not, auspiciis, but by the most wise and religious direction 
and protection of our chiefest pilot [the King], seconded 
by so many honourable and worth}' pei'souages in the 
State and Kingdom, that it may justly give encourage- 
ment with alacrity and cheerfulness for some, to under- 
take ; for others, to favour so noble, and so religious an 
attempt I may not stay, in this straightness of time, to 
mention, much less to set forth unto you, the great and 
manifold benefits which may redound to this our so 
populous a nation, by planting an English Colony in a 
territory as large and spacious almost as is England, and 
in a soil so rich, fertile, and fruitful as that ; besides the 
sufficiency it naturally yields for itself, may with best 
convenience supply some of the greatest wants and neces- 
sities of these Kingdoms. But this happiness which I 
mention, is a happy and glorious work indeed of planting 
among those poor and savage, and to be pitied Virginians, 
not only humanity instead of brutish incivility, but 
religion also * * * This being the honouraUe and 



' London " Eememhrancia ;" Herbert's Livery Companies ; 
Hist, of Virginia Company, p. 25. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 37 

religious intendment of this enterprise, what glory! 
What honour to our Sovereign ! What comfort to those 
subjects who shall be means of furthering of so happy a 
work, not only to see a New Britain in another world, 
but to have also those as yet heathen barbarians and 
brutish people, together with our English, to learn the 
speech and language of Canaan." Hakluyt, a few weeks 
later furnished for the Company a translation, called 
"' Virginia richly valued," etc., which was published.' 

As now, three hundred years ago a part of Aldgate, 

London, was an unsavory and poverty stricken district. 

Stow in his " Stirvay of Lcmdon" printed A. D. 1603, 

writes of what was then, the suburb without Aldgate : 

"Both sides of the streete be pestered with cottages 

and allies even up to White Chappel church; and 

almost half a mile beyond it into the common field, all 

which ought to be open and free for all men. But this 

common field, I say, being sometime the beauty of this 

City in that part, is so incroached upon by buildino- of 

filthy cottages, and with other purprestors^ inclosures'and 

lay-stelles^, (that notwithstanding all Proclaimation and 

Acts of Parliament made to the contrary), that in some 

places it scarce remaineth a sufficient high way for the 

' History of Virginia Company of London, p. 26. 

= Pourpresture, is properly " when a man taketh unto himself or 
lucroacheth anything that he ought not, whether it be in any iu'ri« 
diction, land or franchise."— Coicel. 

^ " If he will live abroad, with his companions, 
In dung and leystalls, it is worth a feare." 

— B. Jonson Every Man in his Humour, Act II, Se. 5 



38 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

meeting of carriages, and droues of cattell, much lesse is 
there any faire, pleasant or wholesome way for people to 
walk on foot ; which is no small blemish, to so famous a 
city, to have so unsauery and unseemly an entry or 
passage thereto." In this district was the church of 
Saint Mary Matfellon, which had been in existence since 
the days of Richard the Second, and commonly called 
White Chapel. Here, on the 25th of April, 1609, Dr. 
William Symonds, the preacher at Saint Saviours^ in 
Southwark, immediately beyond London Bridge, preached 
a sermon- before the " most noble and worthy advancers 
of the standard of Christ among the Gentiles, the adven- 
turers for the plantation of Virginia." 

The sermon was entered on May 8th, at Stationers' 
Hall and soon was published with the following title : 



^ This Church is still standing, a fine specimen of early English 
architecture. Hare writes in his " Walks in London " " The Choir 
retains its beautiful altar screen erected by Fox, Bishop of Win- 
chester, in 1528, and adorned with his device, the pelican." 

In the tower are bells more than four hundred years old. Hare 
mentions that the word Matfellon, is of Syriac derivation. 

'' Extracts from this sermon are given, in Neill's English Col- 
onization of America, Strahan & Co., London, 18V1, pp. 29-31. 



VIRGINIA. 



A 

SERMON 
PREACHED AT 

Whit e-C happel, in the 

prefence of many, Honourable and 
Worfhipfull, the Adventurers and Plan- 
ters for Virginia. 
25 April, 1609. 

PVBLISHED FOR THE BENEFIT 

And Vse Of The Colony, Planted, 
and to bee Planted there, and for the Ad- 
uancement of their Chris- 
tian Purpofe. 

By William Symonds, Preacher at Saint 

Saviors in Southwicke. 



I V D E. 22. 23. 

Haue compairion of fome, in putting of difference : 
And other fave with feare, pulling them out of the fire. 



LONDON: 

Printed by I. WiNDETfor Eleazar Edgar, and 
M^illiam Welby, and are to be fold in Paules Church- 
yard at the Signe of the Windmill. 
1609. 



40 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

The first work on Virginia, printed in A. D. 1609, was 
entered May 3, 1609, at Stationers' Hall, by Robert Gray. 
It has an " Epistle Dedicatorie " to the Lords, Knights, 
Merchants and Gentlemen adventurers for the plantations 
of Virginia, which is subscribed R. G. and dated " From 
mine house at the north end of Sithe's Lane' April 28, 
Ano. 1609." It is a black letter quarto of fifteen leaves, 
with this title : 



' Sithe's Lane, contraction of Saint Swilhen in Cordwainer Street 
Ward. Old Stow in 1 60.3, writes " On the north side of High 
street in Bridge Row by the east end of St. Anthonies Church 
have ye S. Sithe's Lane, so called of S. Sithe's Church, which 
standeth against the north end of that lane." 



A 

GOOD SPEED 

to Virginia. 



EsAY 42.4. 

He shall not faile nor be difcouraged till he have 
let judgement in the earth, and the lies (hall 
wait for his law. 




LONDON: 

Printed by Felix Kyntgston for WtUiam 

IVelbie, and are to be fold at his fhop at the figne 

of the Greyhound in Pauls Church 

yard. 1609. 

6 



42 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 



The Second Charter. 

Preliminary to the issue of a Second Charter to the 
London Company, the following order was given on the 
9th of May, 1609. The spelling of the original is retained 
as copied from the Harleian MS. 

" After our hastie commendacons, whereas divers 
honourable personnages, Knightes and others have under- 
taken to settle a Collonie or Plantation in Virginia as 
well for the Publishinge of a Ch'rian faith among those 
barbaraus nations, as for the enlargement of his Ma""' do- 
minions, and for their better encouragement in so honora- 
ble an action are to have a grant of that Countrie by his 
Majesties letters pattente with which the names of the 
principalle Adventurers are particularly to be inserted, 
forasmuch as it is not unlikely but that the Lords 
Knights and Doctores as well of dignitie, as of lawe and 
Phisick might conceave dislike and displeasure if they 
should not be so placed, marshalled as there severall 
worths and degrees do require, We have thought good to 
let you know that our desire is that you call with you the 
Colledge of Herauldes, or so many of them as you shall 
thinke fit, and by their advise you marshall and sett in 
order the names of such noble men, Knightes, and doctores, 
as you shall receave herewith in there due places and 
ranke and send them unto us fayre written on paper, 
with your hande and names subscribed, with as much 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 43 

expedience as you can, and these shall be your warrants in 
that behalfe, from the Court this 9th of May, 1609, 

Your loving friends, 

H. Worcester.' 

H. Northampton.^ The Royai Arms 

T. Suffolk.^ was here «p- 

To the Colledge of JTemuIds. pended. 

The Second Charter for the first Colony in Virginia, 
dated May 23, 16U9, mentions that it was an enlarge- 



' Earl of Worcester, was Master of the Horse, and in 1616, 
keeper of tlie Privy Seal. Thomas Somerset his second sou, in 
1604, made Knight of the Bath. 

' Lord Henry Howard, younger brother of the beheaded Duke of 
Norfolk, on March 13, 1607, was made Earl of Northampton. 
His house liegun in 1603, at Charing Cross has been pulled down 
within a few years. Its architect was Inigo Jones. Nortliampton 
was keeper of the Privy Seal, and in 1614, Lord Treasurer. He 
bequeathed his elegant house to his nephew Earl of Suffolk. 

'Thomas Howard Baron Waulden, younger son of Duke of 
Norfolk, in 1603, was made Earl of Suffolk. After his uncle's 
death, he lived at Charing Cross and Northampton House was known 
as Suffolk House. In 1014, he was made Lord Treasurer, but in 
time he was accused of malfeasance. Baker mildly writes " This 
Lord though of a most noble disposition, yet as having had his 
training up, another way, seemed less ready in discharging the 
place, and whether for this, or for his Lady's taking too much u])on 
her, by his indulgence, the Staff was soon after taken from him." 
He died in 1620. His grandchild Elizabeth married Algernon 
Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, and then the house became 
known as Northumberland House, and so continued until it was 
taken down. 



44 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

ment of that of 1606, with the design of allowing "such 
counsellors and other officers as may be appointed 
amongst them to manage and direct their affairs, as are 
willing to adventure with them, as also whose dwellings 
are not so far remote from the City of London, but that 
they may at convenient times be ready at hand to give 
them advice and assistance." 

The Company was to be known by the corporate name 
of TJie Treasurer and Company of Adventurers a^id Planters 
of the City of London, for the first Colony in Virginia. 

Under the First Charter, they were allowed to begin 
their Plantation between the thirty-fourth and forty-first 
degree of north latitude, and to possess all the region 
following the coast fifty miles north, and fifty miles south 
of the Plantation ; with all the islands within one hundred 
miles, and into the main land they were allowed one 
hundred miles. But by the Second Charter they were 
allowed two hundred miles north and two hundred miles 
south of Point Comfort, now Fortress Monroe. 

The last article has this language " And lastly because 
the principal effect which we can desire or expect of this 
action is the conversion and reduction of the people in 
those parts unto the true worship of God and Christian 
Religion, in which respect we should be loath that any 
person should be permitted to pass, that we suspected to 
effect the superstitions of the Church of Rome : We do 
hereby declare, that it is our will and pleasure that none 
be permitted to pass in any voj^age from time to time to 
be made into the same country but such as first, shall have 
taken the Oath of Supremacy." 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 45 

The Charter designated Sir Thomas Smith as the first 
Treasurer or Governor, but provided that in the event of 
his removal or death, his successor should be elected " by 
the voice of the greater part of such Company." It also 
provided that the Council of the Company should elect a 
Deputy Treasurer to act in the absence or in the sickness 
of the Treasurer. 



Discourse of Rev. Daniel Price, A M. 

A few days after the amended Charter was signed 
another discourse was delivered on Rogation Sunday, 
the 28th of May, at Paul's Cross by Daniel Price, 
Chaplain in ordinary to Prince Henry, and Master of 
Arts of Exeter College, Oxford. The text was Acts 9 ch., 
4 v., " Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me." 

The sermon was eloquent, but lacking in the simplicity 
which cliaracterized that of Symonds, at White Chapel. 
Full of quotations from the Greek and Latin language, 
abounding in labored and quaint antitheses, it was better 
suited for the hall of a College, than a street sermon. 
The listener must have been impressed with its tart- 
ness, and felt that the preacher's tongue was like a sharp 
sword. It was not at all a gospel of light and sweetness. 
The conclusion, was denunciatory of several classes of 
persons especially those who did '' traduce the honourable 
Plantation of Virginia." 

'' If there be any that have opposed any action intended 
to the glory of God, and saving of souls, and have stayed 
the happy proceeding in any such motive, let him know 
that he is a persecutor and an adversary of Christ. 



46 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

" In which Qucere give me leave to examine the lying 
speeches that have injuriously vilified and traduced a 
great part of the glory of God, the honour of our Land, 
joy of our Nation and expectation of many wise, and 
noble Senators of this kingdom, I mean in the Plantation 
of Virginia. When the descry of the Indians was offered 
to that learned and famous Prince Henry, the Seventh, 
some idle, dull and unworthy sceptikes moved the King 
not to entertain the motion. We know our loss, by the 
Spaniard's gain, but now the souls of those dreamers do 
seem by a Pithagoricall transmigration to be come into 
some of those scandalous, and slanderous detractors of 
that most noble voyage. 

" Surely if the prayers of all good Christians prevail, the 
expectation of the wisest and noblest, the knowledge of 
the most experimented, and learnedest, the relation of the 
best traveled and observant be true, it is like to be the 
most worthy voyage that ever was effected, by any 
Christian in descrying any country of the World, both for 
the peace of the entry, for the plenty of the country, and 
for the climate. Seeing that the Country is not unlike to 
equalize (though not India for gold, which is not impossi- 
ble yet), Tyrus for colours, Basan for woods, Persia for 
oils, Arabia for spices, Spain for silks, Narsis for shipping, 
Netherliands for fish, Bonoma for fruit, and by tillage, 
Babylon for corn, besides the abundance of mulberries, 
minerals, rubies, pearls, gems, grapes, deer, fowl, drugs for 
physic, herbs for food, roots for colours, ashes for soap, 
timber for building, pastures for feeding, rivers for fishing, 
and whatsoever commodity England wanteth. The phil- 
osopher commendeth the temperature ; the politician the 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 47 

opportunity ; the divine, the piety iu converting so many 
thousand souls. The Virginian desireth it, and the 
Spaniard envieth us, and yet our own lazy, drowsy, yet 
barking countrymen traduce it, who should honour it, if 
it was but for the rememberance of that Virgin Queen of 
eternal memory, who was first Godmother to that land 
and nation. As also that Virgin country may in time 
prove to us, the farm of Britain, as Sicily was to Rome, 
or the garden of the World as was Thessaly, or the argosie 
of the World as is Germany. 

" And besides the future expectation, the present en- 
couragement is exceeding much, in that, it is a voyage 
countenanced by our gracious King, consulted on by the 
oracles of the Council, adventured in by our wisest and 
greatest Nobles, and undertaken by so worthy, so honour- 
able and religious a Lord, and furthered not only by 
many other parties of this Land, both clergy and laity, but 
also, by the willing liberal contribution of this Honourable 
City, and as that thrice worthy Dean of Glocester' not 
long since remembered his Majesty and Nobles, that it is 
a voyage wherein every Christian ought to set to his 
helping hand, seeing the Angel of Virginia crieth to this 
Land, as the Angel of Macedonia did to Paul, ! come 
and help us. There is a fearful woe denounced against 
those that came not to assist Deborah. Whosoever they 
be that purposely withstand orconfront this most Christian, 
most honorable voyage, let him read that, and fear. 
Hath God called this Land Ad summum munus Apostoli- 
cum, to that great work of apostleship, that whereas, this 

' Mortou. 



48 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

was one of the first parts of Christendom that received 
the Gospel, so now, it is tlie first part that ever planted 
and watered the Gospel in so great, fair, fruitful a country, 
nor shall skeptical humorists be a means to keep such an 
honor from us, such a blessing from them ? No, my 
Beloved, to the present assurance of great profit, and this 
future profit, that whosoever hath a hand in this business, 
shall receive an unspeakable blessing, for they that turn 
many to righteousness shall shine as the stars for ever and 
ever. You will make Plutarch's novri'^ono'^iq Atheno- 
cus oug«vo7to/l(5, a savage country to become a sanctified 
country ; you will obtain the saving of their souls, you 
will enlarge the bounds of this Kingdom, nay the bounds 
of Heaven, and all the angels that behold this if they 
rejoice so much at the conversion of one sinner, 0! what 
will their joy be at the conversion of so many. 

" Go on as you have begun, and the Lord shall be with 
you ; go, and possess the Land, it is a good land, a land 
flowing with milk and honey, God shall bless you, and 
those ends of the World shall honor him. 

" I will end with one word of exhortation to this City ; 
many excellent things are spoken of this as sometimes, of 
the City of God. Hither the Tribes came, even the Tribes 
of the Lord, herein, is the seat of judgment, even the seat 
of the house of David. Peace be within thy walls, 
plenteousness within thy palaces. 

" You remember how manifold infections hence, as from 
a fountain, issued out ; all the tricks of deceiving, the 
divers lusts of filthy living, the pride of attire, the cause 
of oppression, gluttony in eating, surfeit in drinking, and 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 49 

the general disease of the fashions. **=;=:;< j^. 
should be Jerusalem the City of God, and it is become 
Murder's slaughter-house, Theft's refuge, Oppressor's safety, 
Whoredom's stewes, Usury's bank, Vanity's stage, abound- 
ing in all kind of filthiness and profaneness. ! re- 
member that sins have been the pioneers of the greatest 
cities, and have not left one stone upon another. 

My Honourable L. Mayor, I need not to remember you 
in this behalf— The last Sabbath' you received a letter 
though not from the Cross, yet from the Crown by our 
Royal Ecclesiastes, practice that lesson both concerning 
the infection of the body, and the infection of the soul of 
the city."^ 

The sermon was published with the following title : 

' A marginal note reads " His Majesty's speech the 21st of May, 
to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen at Greenwich." 

■' Daniel Price, the son of Thomas, Vicar of Shrewsbury, was born 
A. D. 1578. In 1594, he entered college. He was Rector of Wor- 
thy's near Caus Castle, Shropshire. In 1613 puljlished Sermons on 
the death of Prince Henry. In 1625 he became Dean of Hereford. 
In 1631 was buried in the chancel of the church of Worthys. His 
younger brother Sampson, became chaplain to James First and 
Charles First, and Vicar of Christ Church, London. 



S A VLES 

PROHIBITION 

ST AIDE: 

OR 

THE APPREHENSI- 
ON, AND EXAMINATION 
OF S A V L E . 

And to the Inditement of all that per- 
secute Christ with a reproofe 
of those that traduce the Honoura- 
ble Plantation of 
Virginia. 

Preached in a Sermon Commanded at 
Paule Crosse, vpon Rogation Sunday, be- 
ing the 28th of May, 
1609. 



By Daniel Price, Chaplaine in ordinarie 

to the Prince, and Master of Artes 

of Exeter CoUedge in 

Oxford. 



LONDON 

Printed for M a T t h e w L a w, and are to be sold in Pauls 

Church yard, neere unto Saint Austines Gate at the 

Signe of the Foxe. 1609. 



After the Charter of 1609, was granted, a book 
was issued with this title : 

Nova Britannia. 

OFFRING MOST 

Excellent fniites by Planting in 
Virginia. 

Exciting all fuch as be well affeded 
to further the fame. 




London 

Printed for S a m v e l M a c h a m, and are to be fold at 

his Shop in Pauls Church-yard, at the 

Signe of the Bul-head, 

1609. 



52 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

The work is an earnest plea for what the writer calls 
an " earthly Paradice." He mentions that " they have 
plank, and lumber for shipping, with deal and wainscot, 
pipe staves and clap-board and soap ashes and may have 
iron and copper." In this early publication of the Com- 
pany it is noticeable that not one word is said upon gold 
mines, which Capt. John Smith declares, chiefly occupied 
the attention of the members. 

The writer pleads for colonists in these words : " We 
need not doubt our land is breeding with swarms of idle 
persons which having no means of labor to relieve their 
misery, do likewise in lewd and naughty practices so that 
if we seek not some foreign employment for them, we 
must shortly provide more prisons and corrections for 
their bad condition, for it fares with populous common 
weales, as with plants and trees that be too frolic, which not 
able to sustain and feed their multitude of branches do 
admit of Engrafting of their buds and scions into some 
other soil, accounting it a benefit, for preservation of this 
kind and a disburdening of the stock of those superfluous 
twigs that suck away their nourishment.' * * * * yet 
I do not mean that none but such unsound members, and 
such poor as want their bread are fittest for this employ- 



' Hugh Lee residing in Lisbon under date of March ^, 1609, 
writes to Thomas Wilson, in London, that five ships had sailed 
for the East Indies " carrying in the place of soldiers, children and 
youth from the age of ten, and upwards, to the number of 1500 ; 
in a few years they say these children will be able to do good 
service." He adds that " he thinks it were no evil course to follow 
in England for planting inhabitants in Virginia : it is forced by 
necessity in Lisbon." — Green's Calendar State Papers. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 58 

ment for we intend to have of every trade and profession, 
both honest, wise and painful men whereof our land is 
able to spare and to furnish many as we had experience 
in our last sending out', which will be glad to go and to 
plant themselves so happily, and their children after them 
to hold and keep conformity with the laws, language, and 
religion of England." 

The following allusion is made to the new Charter 
" His Majesty hath granted an enlargement of our 
Charter, with many ample privileges wherein we have 
knightes and gentlemen of good placed name for the 
Kings Council to govern us." 



Expedition uxder Sir Thomas Gates. 

The expedition, concerning which there had been so 
much conversation and preparation in London, did not 
leave the Sound at Plymouth, until late in the evening of 
the 2d of June, 1609, four days after the delivery of 
Price's discourse at Paul's Cross. 

The Company had appointed Sir Thomas Gates, Lieu- 
tenant General and Deputy Governor of Virginia, one 
who was esteemed for his straightforwardness, and long 
experience. Under the Earl of Essex, he had served in 



'Capt. Newport sailed in the "Mary Margaret" and arrived for 
the third time at Jamestown, in September or October, 1608. 
Among his passengers was Francis West, brother of Lord Delaware, 
afterwards Governor of Virginia. Thomas Graves, Raleigh Cra- 
shaw living in 1624, Daniel Tucker afterwards Governor of Somers' 
Islands. 



54 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

the expedition against Cadiz, in 1596, and was knighted 
for his services. In 1599, he was at Plymouth, in the 
pubHc service. In 1604, he went to the Netherlands 
with a letter from Sir Henry Wotton to the English 
ambassador, Sir Ralph Win wood, in which the former 
wrote : " I entreat you to love him, and to love me too, 
and to assure yourself that you cannot love two honester 
men." 

Sir George Somers, the appointed Admiral for Virginia, 
was born in 1554, at Lyme Regis, and in 1604, was 
knighted as of Boxholm.^ He was an approved naval 
officer, who years before had been in the West Indies, 
"having often carried command, and chief charge in 
many ships royal of her Majesty's, and in sundry voyages 
made many defeats and attempts in the time of the 
Spaniards quarreling with us upon the Islands and 
Indies." When he decided to go on the Virginia expedi- 
tion he was a member of Parliament, and in a debate 
which took place in the House of Commons, on February 
14. 1609-10, whether his going to Virginia made it 
necessary to relinquish his seat, Sir George More remarked 
that he " ought not to be removed ; that it was no 
disgrace, but a grace to be Governor in Virginia." 

Gates sailed with Newport as Captain, now making 
his fourth voyage to Virginia, in the ship " Sea Adven- 
ture " a ship of three hundred tons burthen, whose wreck 



'He died November 9, 1610. In Howe's Chronicles, London, 
A.D. 1631, is this statement: "Sir George Somers went from 
Virginia to the Bermoodes to fetch Porke, where he dyed of a 
surfeit, in eating of a pig." 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 55 

at the Bermudas is well known. Among the passengers 
was a native of Gravesend, a skilful shipwright, Richard 
Frobisher, with whose aid was constructed the small ves- 
sels '• Patience " and " Deliverance " which in May, 1610, 
brought the passengers to Virginia.' 



' For a description of the other vessels of the Gates' fleet see 
History of Virginia Company, pp. 30-34. Before Gates left 
the Bermudas there wa.s the following cut upon a palmetto tree 
" Conditur in hoc loco, navis per Ricardum Frobisherum oneris 70, 
quoe destinatur Virginife, nos omnes hinc transportabitur. Anno 
1610, May 4." Hardy in a description of the Bermudas published 
more than two centuries ago, mentions that he saw this inscription 
hung as a relic over the chair in the Governor's Hall. 

Frobisher returned to England, and Strachey in 1612, mentions 
that he was living at Lime House. On the 13th of January, 
1614-15, he was employed by the East India Company to construct 
a ship at Shoreham. In 1616, he sailed for the East Indies as 
master carpenter of the ship " Charles," and in 1618 returned to 
England. In 1619, he is designated as " an old servant " by the 
E. I. Company, and he agrees to go to India with his two sons for 
seven years, and on the 30th of September, it is mentioned in the 
Calendar of the East India Company, that " Furbusher the car- 
penter with his wife and family, in one bark, sailed for Malacca, and 
so for Goa, to build shipping." 




CHAPTER V. 

AFFAIRS OF THE LONDON COMPANY, A.D. 1610. 

Declakation Published. Crashaw's sermon. Letter of Sir 
George Somers to Earl of Salisbury. Rhymes of Rich. 
Confutation of scandalous reports. 

|OWARD the close of the year 1609, several 
ships of the fleet which left in June, came back 
with the distressing intelligence that the " Sea 
Venture " a fine vessel of three hundred tons, 
Captain Newport in command, and Sir Thomas Gates, and 
Sir George Somers, with other valuable persons on board, 
had been separated from the rest, in a storm, and that they 
had not arrived in Virginia. It was a dark hour for the 
London Company, but the Governor General of Virginia, 
Lord Delaware^, did not despair, and determined to go in 
person. 




' Thomas West, Lord De la Warr, now written Delaware, was 
knighted by Queen Elizabeth. Member of King James' Privy 
Council, married Cecily daughter of Sir Thomas Shirley. Governor 
in Virginia, 1610, visited England, 1611, and died June 7, 1618, on 
return voyage to Virginia. His three brothers were identified with 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 57 

Upon the 14th of December, 1609, at Stationers' Hall, 
Lord Delaware, Sir Thomas Smith and Sir Walter Cope 
entered a book, which early in 1610, was published with 
the following title. 

" A true and sincere declaration of the purpose and 
ends of the Plantation begun in Virginia, of the degrees 
which it hath received ; and meanes by which it hath 
beene advanced ; and the resolution and conclusion of hiss 
Maiesties Councel of that Colony, for the constant and 
patient prosecution thereof until by the mercies of God, 
it shall re-tribute a fruittful harvest to the Kingdom of 
Heaven, and this Commonwealth. 

Sett forth by the authority of the Governors and 
Councellors established for that Plantation." Small 
quarto, pp. 26. 

The Round Church of the Temple, still preserved, is a 
beautiful specimen of the early English pointed archi- 
tecture. Hawthorne speaks of its " roof springing in a 
harmonious and accordant fountain out of the chastened 
pillars that support its pinioned arches," and " polished like 
many gems." It was completed in A.D. 1240, and upon 
several of its monuments are recumbent knights with 
legs crossed, carved in stone, the effigies of those who had 
buckled on their armor in the days of the Crusades. The 
Preacher of the Temple, William Crashaw, was a man of 
poetic temperment, and appreciated the heroic self sacrifice 

Virginia— Francis was Governor, John was Muster Master General 
and Nathaniel a member of the Council. 

Lord Delaware had one son Henry, who became 4th Lord in 1628. 
Charles his son and 5th Lord, died in 1687. 
8 



58 VIE G INI A VETUSTA. 

of Lord Delaware in going to Virginia like a valiant 
knight to contend for civilization, and " the faith once 
delivered to the saints." On the 21st of February, 
1609-10, he delivered a stirring discourse from the text 
Luke xxir, 32. " But I have prayed for thee, that thy 
faith fail not, therefore when thou art converted, 
strengthen thy brethren." 

His theme was the importance of converting the savage, 
and founding an English Church and Commonwealth in 
America. In considering the discouragements to the 
plantation, he alluded to the objection " that it hath so 
poor and small a beginning, and is therefore subject to 
the flouts of many who say, that it is but the action of a 
very few persons, and they send but poor supplies, and a 
handful of men at a time, and one good ship would beat 
them all. 

" For answer, I say, many greater states than this is 
likely to prove, hath as little or less beginning. The 
Israelities went down into Egypt being but seventy souls, 
and were there, about two hundred years and little more, 
and most of that time in miserable bondage, yet did they 
grow to six hundred thousand men, besides children, and 
soon after, to one of the greatest kingdoms of the earth. 
Look at the beginning of Rome how poor, how mean, how 
despised it was, and yet on that base beginning, grew to 
be mistress of the World. 

" Oh ! but those that go in person are raked up of our 
refuse, and are a number of disordered men unfit to bring 
to pass any good action. So indeed, say those, that lie 
and slander. But I answer for the quality of them that 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 59 

go, they be such as offer themselves voluntarily, for none 
are pressed, none are compelled, and they be like, for 
aught I see, to those that are left behind, even of all sorts, 
better or worse. But for many that go in person, let 
these objectors know, they be as good as themselves and 
it may be, many degrees better." 

In another portion of the discourse he mentioned that 
colonists must not expect luxury, but be willing to endure 
hardness like their forefathers, for " had they been such 
mecocks and milk-sops as we are, never would they have 
expelled the Danes, nor overcome the French."' 

In concluding, he thus apostrophized " And thou Vir- 
ginia ! whom, though mine eyes see not, my heart shall 
love, how hath God honoured thee ! Thou hast thy 
name from the worthiest Queen that ever the World had ; 
thou hast thy matter from the greatest King on earth ; 
and thou shalt now have thy fame from one of the most 
glorious nations under the sun, and under the conduct of 
a General of as great and ancient nobility as any ever 
engaged in action of this nature." 

On the 19th of March, 1609-10, Sir Thomas Smith 
and others entered the sermon at Stationers' Hall, and it 
was soon printed with the following title : 

"A sermon preached in London, before the Right 
Honourable, the Lord La Warre, Lord Governour, and 
Captaine Generall of Virginea, and others of his Maiesties 
Counsell for that kingdome, and the rest of the Adven- 



' Other extracts from this sermon arc in ISTeill's English Colonisa- 
tion of America, Strahan «& Co., London, 1871. 



60 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

turers in that Plantation, at the said Generall his leaue 
taking of England his native countrey and departure for 
Virginea, February 21, 1609. 

" By W. Crash aw, Bachelor of Divinitie and Preacher 
of the Temple. Wherein both the lawfulness of that 
action is mantained, and the necessity thereof is also 
demonstrated, not so much out of the grounds of Policy, 
as of Humanity, Equity and Christianity. Taken from 
his mouth and published by direction. 

" London, Printed for William Welby and are to be sold 
in Paul's Churchyard at the Signe of the Swan, 1610." 
Prefixed to the sermon is the following : 

" To the printer. 

" My earnest desire to further the plantation in Vir- 
ginia makes me, perhaps too bold with W. Crashaw, thus 
without his leave to publish the same. 

" But the great good I assure myself it will do, shall 
merit your praise and my pardon. You may give it what 
title you please, only let this enclosed Dedication to 
Parliament be freely prefixed in the book, for your credit 
print, to the care whereof I leave you. 

Your friend L. D." 

At the head of each page is the title " New Yeere's 
Gift to Virginia." It probably appeared about March 25, 
1610, then New Year's Day. 

On the first of April, 1610, Delaware sailed in the 
good ship " Delaware," Robert Tindall, Master, accom- 
panied by the " Blessing" and " Hercules," having learned 
nothing from his friends who had sailed in the " Sea 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 61 

Venture " and not expecting again to see them. On the 
6th of June, he reached Point Comfort, Virginia, and there 
learned that Gates and Somers had arrived seventeen 
days before. Two weeks after Delaware's arrival, Sir 
George Soraers wrote to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. 



Letteb of Sir George Somees. 
" Right Honorable. 

" May y' please yo"' good honor to bee advertized that 
sithence our dep'ture out of England in goinge to 
Virginia about some 200 leagues from the Berraoodas wee 
weare taken with a verie greate storme or hurricane 
which sundred all the fleete & on S' Jame's daye beinge 
the 23 of Julie wee had such a leake in our ship inso- 
much that there was 9 ffoote of water before wee knewe 
of any such thinge, wee pumped ij pumpes and bailed in 
iij or iiij places with certaine Barrackoos & then wee 
kept 100 men alwaies workinge night and dale from the 
23d vntill the 28th of the same Julie being flfridaie (at 
w*^"" time) wee sawe the Island of Bermuda wheare our 
ship liethe upon the rocke, a quarter of a mile distant 
from the shoare wheare wee saved all our Hues and after- 
wards saued much of our goodes, but all our bread was 
wet and lost. "We continued in this Island from the 28th 
Julie vutili the 10 of Male. In w'^'' time wee built ij 
small Barkes to carrie our people to Virginia which in 
number whare 140 men and woemen at the coming to 
the Island. We dep'ted from the Bermuda the 12 of 
Male and arived in Virginia the 23d of the same 



62 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

monethe, and corainge to Cape Henrie the Captaine theare 
tould vs of the fFamen that was at James Towne where- 
upon wee hastened vp there and found y' time, flfor they 
had eaten all the quick thinge that weare theare & 
some of them had eaten snakes and adders. But by 
the Industrie of our Governor, in the Bermooda (Sir 
Thomas Gates) thear was saued a litell meal ; fFor our 
allowance would not extende to above one pownde & a 
hall'e fFor a man a weeke, and this with ffishe we liued 
[on] & this allowance 9 monthes our Governo' Sir Thomas 
Gates did allowe them as wee had with some Porke & 
recovered all, savinge iij that did die & weare past 
recou"'' before our cominge. 

" Wee consulted together what course wear best to bee 
taken fFor our meanes would not continue aboue 14 dales. 
Wee thought good to take into our iiij pinnaces as much 
of the municon as wee could & tooke in all the people & 
weare going downe the River, but by the waie wee met 
w"' the Lorde Laware & Lord Governor which made our 
heartes verie glad & wee p'sently returned vp to James 
towne & theare wee found no saluages for they weare 
afFraid to come thither for they did not trade w* our men 
these manie monethes. The Trothe is they had nothing 
to trade withal but mulberries. Now wee are in a good 
hope to plant & abide here fFor heare is a good course 
taken & a greater care then ever thear was. I ame 
goeinge to the Bermooda for ffishe & hogges with ij small 
Pinaces & are in a good opinion to bee back againe before 
the Indians doe gather their harvest. The Bermooda is 
the most plentiful place that ever I came to, for ffishe 
Hogges, and ffowle. Thus wishinge all healthe with the 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 63 

increase of honor doe humblie take my leave, ffrom 
Virginia the xxth of June, 1610. 

" Y' honors to comand, 

" George Somers. 



" ffrom James Towne in Virginia. 

" To the Right Honor*"'^ the Earl of Salisburie, Lord 
Treasurer of England these." 

The " Blessing and " Hercules " sailed for England, in 
July, and among the passengers were Sir Thomas Gates, 
Captain Newport and Robert Rich, a brother of Sir 
Nathaniel Rich, and kinsman of Robert Rich, Earl of 
Warwick. In September, they arrived in London, and 
the Company listened with wonder to the story of the 
shipwreck, and the long residence in Bermoodas which 
proved " a wilderness of sweets," amid " the voiceful 
music of the sea." 

What superstitious mariners in the waters of the 
" vexed Bermoothes " had declared were the dismal groans 
of evil spirits, proved to be the grunting of hogs, the 
offspring of black swine that years before had found their 
way to shore, from some Spanish wreck. Fish had eagerly 
leaped upon the hooks thrown in the water, the birds 
with beautiful plumage, and a simplicity surpassing little 
children had rested upon the shoulders of the castaways, 
and the palmetto tree had furnished food, while its broad 
leaves had been used in the construction of light cabins. 



64 VIRGINIA VETU8TA. 

Rich, " a soldier blunty and plaine," quickly prepared 
a ballad^ of poor rhyme which on the first of October, was 
entered at Stationers' Hall, and before long it was pub- 
lished, and its jingling lines were familiar to the half 
starved, and wonder loving inhabitants, around White 
Chapel in London, 

The title was as follows : 



' John O jialliwell discovered a copy of this ballad in the 
library of the Earl Charlemont, in Dublin. No other copy is 
known to exist. In 1865, he had twenty-five copies printed, fifteen 
of which were destroyed, and ten were distributed. In 1878, it was 
reprinted in Early Settlement of Virginia and Virginiola, as 
noticed by Poets a7id Players" by Rev. Edward D. Neill, A. B. 
Published by Johnson, Smith and Harrison, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 



NEVVES FROM VIRGINIA. 



The Lost Flocke Triumphant ; 

With the happy Arrival of that famous and 

worthy knight S' Thonias Gates : and 

the well reputed and valient Cap- 

taine M' Christopher New- 

porte, and others, into 

Virginia. 



With the manner of their distresse in the Hand of Devils 

(otherwise called Bermoothawes) where they 

remained 42 weeks, and builded 

two Pynaces, in which 

they returned unto 

Virginia. 



by R. Rich, Gent., one of the voyage. 



LONDON : 

Printed by Edw. AUde, and are to be solde by John 
Wright, at Christ-Church dore. 1610. 

9 



66 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Robert Rich returned to Bermudas or Somers' Island 
in which his kinsman Sir Robert Rich, in 1618 made Earl 
of Warwick, had a great interest. Robert's brother. Sir 
Nathaniel, was a prominent and influential man, a graduate 
of Emmanuel, Cambridge. On the 18th of October, 1620, 
a letter was written to Sir Nathaniel Rich, informing him 
that his brother had died, having been treated " by a 
blind physician or rather a quack-salver." The writer 
complained that W. Dutton the executor, " had not the 
honesty or manners to invite Mr. Capt. Kendall and Mr. 
Semour [Seymour] who gave him a volley of shot at his 
burial, to so much as a cup of aqua vitse or any thing 
else according to the ancient and laudable custom which 
heretofore hath been used at burials." He also asks to 
" have his brother's arms drawn and sent out for the 
purpose of having a solemn funeral performed."' 

Upon the eighth of November, 1610, Sir Thomas Smith, 
Sir Maurice Berkely and Master Richard Martin, entered 
at Stationers' Hall a book which was published with this 
title : 

" A true Declaration of the Estate of the Colonic iu 
Virginia, with a confutation of such scandalous reports as 
haue tended to the disgrace of so worthy an enterprise. 



' Robert Rich of Standon, Essex, married Elizabeth, daughter of 
Sir Thomas Dutton, and had two sons Robert and Nathaniel. John 
Dutton the executor of Robert Rich, writing to Sir Nathaniel Rich, 
speaks of his " sister Rich," probably the widow of Robert. The 
particulars of his death have been obtained from the Manchester 
Pajiers iu 8i/i Report of Royal Commission of Historical Manic- 
scripts. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 67 

" Published by aduise and direction of the Councell of 
Virginia. 

[A wood cut representing one planting, another water- 
ing a tree, with a circlet of clouds above, with Jehovah, 
in Hebrew, in the centre.] 

"London, Printed for William Barrett, and are to be 
sold at the blacke Beare in Paul's Church-yard, 1610." 
Small 4to, pp. 68. 

The " author relates nothing but what he hath from 
the secrets of the judicial councell of Virginia, from the 
letter of Lord La Ware, from the mouth of Sir Thomas 
Gates, whose wisdoms are not so shallow as easily to be 
deceived by others, nor consciences so wretched as by 
pretence to deceive others." 

Some of the vagabonds who ran away from Virginia in 
the ship Swallow, slanderously asserted upon their return 
to England that Sir Thomas Gates carried in one ship all 
the principal commissioners who should successively have 
governed the Colony. To this, the "Declaration" re- 
plies that none were in the ship, with Gates, but such "as 
were precisely and peremptorily appointed for Virginia."* 

■ Capt. John Smith yeavs after the slatider had been refuted by 
Gates and the London Company, deliberately revives the falsehood 
that Gates, Somers and Newport had each of them a commission, 
that the one who first arrived, to call in the old, without the knowl- 
edge or consent of them that were then holding office in Virginia. 
"All things being ready, because these three Captain's could not 
agree for place, it was concluded they should all go in one ship." 

— Smith. 




CHAPTER YJ. 

AFFAIRS IN ENGLAND A.D. 1611. 

Pbkpabatioks fob a second expedition under Sib Thomas Gates. 
Lettebs of Vibginia CoiiPANT AND SiB Edwin Sandts. 

fS soon as Sir Thomas Dale sailed, letters were 
issued to many towns soliciting subscriptions for 
sending out more supplies of men and provisions 
to Virginia. The following dated February 28, 

1610-11, was sent by the Council in England for Virginia, 

to the Mayor, and Jurats of Sandwich. 

Lettee of King's Council foe Vibginia. 

" The eyes of all Europe looking upon our endeavours to 
spread the Gospell among the Heathen people of Virginia 
to plant o"' English nation there & to settle at in those 
ptB ^ch male be peculiar to o"' nation, to them wee male 
thereby bee secured from being eaten out of all proffitt of 
trade by our more industrious neighbour wee cannot doubt 
but that the eyes also of yo' best iudgments and affections 
are fixed no lesse upon a designe of soe great consequence. 
The reasons whre that action hath not yet received the 
Buccesse of o' desires & expectacons are published in print 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 69 

to all the world. To repeate them all were idlenes in us 
& must bee tedious to you yet to omytt mention of that 
mayne reason wch hath shaken the whole frame of this 
busnes & wch hath begott theise o' requests to you would 
but returne unto us a fruitlesse accompt, and consequentlie 
a hazard to destroie that life wch yet breatheth in this 
action. 

" That reason in few wordes was want of meanes to 
imploie good men & want of iust payment of the meanes 
wch weare promised disabling us therebie to set forth o' 
supplies in due season. 

" Now that wee have established a forme of gou'ment fit 
for such members in the psons of the Lord La Warr & 
S' George Sommers allready in those pts As also in S'' 
Thomas Dale irabarqt with 300 men & provisions for them 
and the Collony to the value of many thousands of pounds, 
who is allready falne dowue the ryver in his waie thither 
& in S"^ Thomas Gates whom wee reserve to second this 
expedicon in Maie next wth 300 more of the choiest 
p'sons wee can gett for moneys through yo' meanes & our 
owne Cares Wee accompt from many ad\a6ed consulta- 
cons that o0000£ to bee paid in two yeares for three 
supplies will bee a sufficient sum to settle there a very 
able k strong foundacon of anexing another Kingdome to 
this Crowue. 

"Of this 30000£ there is allready signed by diverse 
pticular noblemen gent" & merchants the some of 18000 
as maie appeare unto you by a true copy of their names 
& somes written wth their owne hands in a Register booke 
wch remaynes as a recorde in the hands of S' Thomas 



70 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Smith T'urer for that plantacon so that the adventures to 
bee procured from all the noblemen the Byshopps & 
Clergie that have not yet signed from all the Gentrie 
Merchants and Corporate townes of this Kingdome doth 
amount but to 12000" payable as above said. To accom- 
plish wch sura wee entreate yo' fevours no farther then 
amongst yo'' selves & as shall seeme good unto you upon 
respect of yo'' iudgments ranck & place wee endevour by 
theis o"' requests to gaine as helpes unto us in such poore 
measure as wee have begun towards the advancement of 
soe gloryous an action. 

We are farther to entreate yo"" helpes to procui'e as such 
numbers of men & of such condicou as you are willing & 
able wee send you herew"' the list of the numbers & 
qualities that wee entende God willing to imploye in Male 
next. 

As soon as you can w* conveinency wee desire yo'' re- 
solucons touching raeanes & men upon receipt thereof wee 
shall acknowledge due thanks & lymitt the tyme of their 
appearance wherein wee shall not forgett the pointe of 
charge to the undertakers howsoev' wee p'ferre so farre as 
lyes in us a seasonable dispatch to the first place of 
o"' consideracons. 

The benefitt by this action, if it shall please God to 
blesse these begyanings w* a happye successe must arise 
to the generall good of this ComOn wealth. To laie then 
a stronge foundacon of soe great a work wee hold o' selves 
& o'' request to you warrented by the reasons aforesaid & 
by the rules of honor & judgment & for as wee o' selves 
the present adventurers cannott receive the whole benefitt 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 71 

Boe can it not bee expected that wee should undergoe the 
whole charge. 

The often renewed complaints against Companyes here- 
tofore hath happened by reason of the Monopolizinge of 
trade into a few mens hands and though the ycQ of this 
busnes hath been brooken by the purses cares & adven- 
tures of a few yet wee seclude no subiect from the future 
benefitt of o"' prsent care charge and hazard of p'son & 
adventures all wch wee leave to yo'' iudicious considera- 
cons & onlie importune yo"' speedy resolucons that accord- 
ing to the warrante of duty wee male either wash o' hands 
from farther care or cheerfully imbrace strength from you 
to the furtherance of this action that tends soe directly to 
advance the glory of God the honor of o'' English nation 
& the profitt and securitie in o' iudgraent of this Kingdorae 
and soe leaving you to that sence hereof wch his goodness 
shall please to infuse into you who is of absolute power to 
dispose of all things to the best wee rest 
From L"^ Thomas Symthes Yo"" ver3' loving friends 
house in Philpott Lane the 
28th of February 1610. Pembroke' Montgomery'^ 

H. L. "Southampton^ 

R. Lisle* 
(illegible) Tho Symthe^ Robert Mansell' 

"Walter Cope'' He Fanshawe^ Edwin Sandys* 
G. CoppiN*" Tho Gates" Baptiste Hicke'* 



' William Herbert, the 3d Earl of Pembroke, was born in 1580 at 
Wilton, Wiltshire. Educated at Oxford. He was installed Knight 
of the Garter in 1604, at the same time as the Earl of Southampton. 
He was an active member of the Virginia Company until its disso- 



72 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Sir Edwin Sandys who lived at Northborne near Sand- 
wich, forwarded the communication with the following 
letter. 



lution. History of Virginia Company, pp. 284, 292. Chancellor 
of the University of Oxford in 1626, and Broad G,ate Hall was 
remodeled and called Pembroke College. In 1630 he died. 

'Sir Philip Herbert, younger brother to Earl of Pembroke, 
created Earl of Montgomery, May 4, 1605, Knight of the Garter, 
succeeded as 4th Earl Pembroke April 10, 1630, died January 23, 
1649-50. 

' Henry Wriothsley was attainted in 1588, in 1598 a cavalry 
officer in Ireland, in 1599 went to the Netherlands, returned in 1600, 
and on July 3, 1603 was restored Earl of Southampton, and at a 
feast at Windsor was installed Knight of the Garter. He succeeded 
Sir Edwin Sandys, as Governor of the Virginia Company. 

■•Robert Sidney was in 1604 created Baron Penshurst and in 
1605 Viscount Lisle. In 1615 was Knight of the Garter, and in 
1618 Earl of Leicester, at which time he was active as a member 
of the Virginia Company. — History of Virginia Company, p. 202. 

' Sir Thomas Smith under Queen Elizabeth was Farmer of 
Customs. He w s the second son of Sir Thomas of Osterhanger, 
Kent. On the 30th of January, 1618 (O. S.), his elegant residence 
at Deptford was burned. His London house was in Philpot Lane, 
Langborne Ward. His eldest son Sir John, married Isabel, daughter 
of Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick. Another son married an 
illegitimate daughter of Charles Blomt, Lord Mountjoy. 

° Sir Robert Mansell was Treasurer of the Navy, and the Vice 
Admiral. In 1624 he obtained a patent for the exclusive manufac- 
ture of glass, by the use of sea or pit coal, and revolutionized the 
glass trade. In 1638, although advanced in age, he was jiresent at 
t^ launching of a vessel. For many years he was a director of the 
East India Company. 

' Sir Walter Cope, Gent, of the King's Bed Chamber. In January, 
1607, he requests permission of the East India Company to send out 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 73 

S'- I am requested by his Ma"""' Counsil for Virginia to 
conveigh these inclosed to yo' hands & to procure yo' 
answer against the beginning of the next term. The 
eflfect is to unite yo"" town, & such particular persons of 
worth as shall be so disposed, to partnership in the great 
action of Virginia : wch after manifold disasters doth now 
under the government of noble & worthie leaders begin to 



a young man to obtain " parrots, marraosets, and monkeys." 
His daughter Isabel, married tlie agreeable and elegant Sir Henry 
Rich, created Lord Kensington in 1622, and in 1624 Earl of 
Holland— A friend writes to Dudley Carleton : " At play, at Sir 
Walter Copes had to squire his daughter about, until he was weary." 
After his death. Chamberlain writes on Feb. 9, 1615, " Cope died in 
debt and his house in Kensington for sale." 

* Sir Henry Fansliaw, son of Thomas. In 1604 he was made 
Remembrancer of the Exchequer, and in 1616 died. 

• Sir Edwin Sandys, second son of Archbishop Sandys, born 
December 9, 1561. Received A. B. at Oxford, 1579. Traveled on 
the continent, and in 1599 at Paris published Europe Speculum. 
Knighted in May, 1603. In 1619 elected Governor of Virginia 
Company. Died at Northborne, Kent, Oct., 1629, and left £1500 
to Oxford University. 

'" Sir George Coppin, on May 3, 1604, made Clerk of Chancery 
Court, and afterwards was one of the contractors to sell King's 
lands and forests. 

" Sir Thos. Gates see p. 53. 

" Sir Baptist Hicks made his fortune as a silk merchant, was a 
Justice of Peace of Middlesex, created Viscount Cainbden ; in 1612, 
built a fine Hall of brick and stone in St. John street near St. John 
Lane, for the use of Justices of the Peace, which was commonly 
called Hicks' Hall. His eldest daughter married Lord Noel. The 
Hon. and Rev. Baptist Noel, who in 1848 left the Church of 
England and became a Baptist minister, was a descendant. 
10 



74 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

revive, & we trust ere long shall flourish. I acquainted 
them that yo' Town had been much hindered by sickness : 
in regard whereof the lesse will be perhaps expected. 
But they could not whol}' passe over so principall a port, 
in an action tending generally to the good of the whole 
Realm, but the profit whereof will chiefly fall to the 
Hauen Towns & principally in them to merchants. But 
I will leave you to the letter it self : Only thus much (to 
acquaint y" w"" the present state of the busines) ; we have 
sent away S'' Thomas Dale w^ oUO men, & great abound- 
ance of victual & furniture. We send after them this 
next month Two ships more, w"" 100 Kyne, & 200 swine 
for breed. 

And if monie come in, whereof we are in very good 
hope iu May next we shall send S'' Thomas Gates w"' 
other 300 men, of the best & choisest we can well procure. 
Wch done, & God blessing them ; the busines we account 
is woun. Thus w^'' my very hartie salutations, I betake 
y° to the Tuition & Direction of the Highest, & rest 

Y' very loving friend 

Edwin Sandys. 
Norborn 

21 Martii 1610. 



s^r^ c>QQ<Z) c><><>o c><x>o oc 



C><> 



CHAPTER VII. 

AFFAIRS IN VIRGINIA, A. D. 1611. 

Lord Delaware's Sickness. Letters of Sir Thomas Dale, 
Deputy Governor George Percy asd Rev. Alexandbb 
Whitaker. 




I HE letter of Sir George Soraers mentioned the 
arrival of Lord Delaware early in June, 1610, 
and on the 12th, Delaware appointed the follow- 
ing Council : 

Sir Thomas Gates. Knight, Lieutenant General. 

Sir George Somer.s, Knight, Admiral. 
\Captain George Percy, Esq. 

Sir Ferdinando Weinman^ Knight, Marshal. 

Capt. Christopher Newport. 

William Strachey, Esq., Secretary. 

A few weeks after his arrival the weather was very 
warm and he suffered from the ague, and then he was 
troubled with gout and scurvy. During the winter his 
health did not improve, and on the 28th of March, 1611, 
accompanied by his physician Dr. Bohun, and Captain 



• Ferdinando Wenman or Weynman was a near relative of Lord 
Delaware. Thomas, his father, of Caswell, Oxfordshire, married 
Jane sister of Lord Delaware's father. Ferdinando married Ann 
daughter of Sir Samuel Sandys, and her sister became the wife of 
Sir Francis Wyatt, afterwards Governor of Virginia. 



76 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Samuel Argall for Nevis a small island in the West Indies 
about twenty miles square. Here he did not grow- 
better, and soon returned to England. 



Captain Gborge Pehct, Deputy Governok. 

Captain George Percy was deputed to act as Governor 
in his absence, a person of spirit and judgment. His 
brother, the Earl of Northumberland, upon a mere sus- 
picion of being connected with the Gun Powder Plot, had 
been committed to the Tower, and there employed 
Thomas Harriot, the mathematician, who had been with 
Granville to North Carolina, to be his companion in study, 
in his rooms in the brick Tower. Sir Walter Raleigh 
was confined within the Tower at the same time, and 
their conversation about Virginia, and the fact that he 
was the youngest brother of an Earl who was under the 
displeasure of the Court, had probably induced him to 
join the expedition which in December, 1606, under New- 
port sailed for Virginia. In the MSS. of the Percy 
Family there is evidence of interest upon the part of the 
Earl in Virginia, and in his brother George. Newport 
returned to England from his first voyage on the 29th of 
July, 1607, and from his second voyage on the 20th of 
May, 1608, bringing back with him an Indian " of a shrewd 
and subtle capacity " named Namontack, a friend of Pow- 
hatan. Among the memoranda of Henry, 9th Earl of 
Northumberland, which have been preserved, are these 
under date of 1607-8. " For apparel for M' George Percy 
i£9, 2s, 4d, sent by Captain Newport." " For the rings and 
other pieces of copper given to the Virginia Prince 3s.'' 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 77 

" To M' Melshawe for many necesaries which he delivered 
to M'' Percy toward the building of a house in Virginia, 
14s." 

Captain Newport about December, 1608, returned from 
his third voyage, and under date of February 6, 1608-9, 
the Earl of Northumberland makes this entry " For 
cutting a large and small Virginia stone 8s. Gold 24s. 
Setting large stone 15s," and on February 6, 1610, the 
payments made for George Percy amounted to £432, 
Is, 6d. 

Percy had been before made Deputy Governor, at the 
time that Capt. John Smith was sent to England to 
answer some charges. His term as acting Governor was 
very brief as Sir Thomas Dale arrived soon after Dela- 
ware's^ departure, as is mentioned in the following letter 
written on the 25th of May 1611. 

Letter of Sie Thomas Dale. 

''To the President and Counsell of the Companie of 
Adventurers and Planters in Virginia." 

" Right ho. and the rest of our Noble friends, — After I 
had left the lands end the 17 of March w'th soe happie 
successe (by the permission of the divine goodnesse) and 
w'th soe fayre windes was our wholl journey accompanied 
as w'th in one month, the 29 of Aprill. We had in 



^This letter is a transcript from the Ashmoleaii MSS. of the 
Bodleian Library, Oxford, made by George D. Scull, Esq., of 
Oxford, and first printed in the Richmond Standard of January 
28, 1882. 



78 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

friendly Consorte all our wholl ffleete together reached 
Dorainico, a passage w'ch I could hartily wish might not 
by declined by those our English ffleete w'ch should Att 
any tyrne make into Virginia probable enough as may 
appeare by this our tryall to be most speedie. And I am 
right well assured most convenient for our peoples refresh- 
ing and p'erservacon of our Cattle. The first may be 
made good by reason of a contynual winde from the 
Canaries to the West Indies, the second by restitucon of 
our sicke people into health by the helpes of fresh Ayre, 
diett and the bathes, flfor true it is we bringe under shipped 
of tonnadge, and pestered by that means, that our goodes 
filled up the Orlage having noe roome for our men to be 
accomodated, but crowded together theire owne Aires and 
the uncleanliness both of the ship, doggs, &c., gave some 
infecon amongst us and was the cause of the loss of well 
more a dozen men. I coulde earnestly wishe therefore 
that you will be pleased to advise the undertakar's con- 
ceriiinge this point, that the like inconvenience may be 
avoyded in the future. The 12 of May we seized our 
Bay and the same night w'th a favourable South East 
gale (all prayse to God for yt) we came to an anchor 
before Algernoune fforte att Pointe Comfort, where to 
our noe small Comfort again we discov'red the Hercules, 
even then p'paring to take the advantage of the present 
Tide to sett sayles for England, we had noe sooner saluted 
the fort, and that us, and were come to an anchor but 
Captin Adams came aboord us in his longe boate, who 
gave me to understand both of his Lor', pp's' dep'ture for 



Lord Delaware Governor. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 79 

Mevia in the West Indies some tenne dajes before in 
Comminge in (as by his Lo'. p's I'rs ye shall further 
understand thereof) as of Capt. Pearcyes being at the 
fforte, who together w'th some of the p'sent Counsell had 
come downe thither to give Capt. Adams his discharge. 
It was not full two howera before my self and Captin 
Newport went ashore, where we had related unto us the 
full circumstance of many things and the condicon of the 
p'sent Colonye. In this fforte we found be sides Capt. 
Davys his Company, the most of Sir Thomas Gates his 
company there living quartered as well by reason they 
were not of Competency in numbers to take in againe the 
two ffortes of Keconghtan and to supply James Towne 
and Algernoune fforte, both, as also because att all tymes 
this place yieldeth the better reliefe by meanes of the 
fishing then James Towne. I found many omissions of 
necessary duties w'ch would have indeed advanced the 
end w'ch we have nowe proposed concerning the p'petuall 
subsistence of the Colony but a plantacon being not the 
full and utmost intencon resolved on, or soe advLsed from 
home, but rather the search after those Mynes w'ch 
Faldoe the Helvetian had given intelligence of in 
England, and w'ch his Lo'p was intreated unto by the 
Committies I'res (w'ch I have since seene) to make ex- 
planacon of was the cause of those omissions. Howbeit, 
I found howe carefuU his Lo'p hath been in what either 
his forces, or owne abilitie of bodie enable him unto. 
And well I p'ceave his zeale, how it ia enflamed to His 
Right Noble worke. According therefore as his Lo'p left 
in direcon for me (y't I should come in before bis returne) 
with a commission likewise to governe as his Deputie in 



80 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

the Interim. My first labor was to repossesse me of the 
Two last yeares erected fFortes upon Southampton River, 
FFORTE Henry and fforte Charles. 

The second day therefore after my arrivall, I went and 
viewed the fforts and grounde for Corne findinge the 
Pallasadoes yet most standing about those fforts and the 
ground though somewhat later in the yeare to be sowed 
w'th some little paines to be cleared. I drew all my 
newe men ashoare and taking some of the rest of both 
Companies quartered as aforesaid in Algernoune fforte, 
whilest I employed our Carpenters to build Cabins and 
Cottages for the p'sent we, on all handes fell to digging 
and cleansing the ground and setting of Corne and in 
4 or 5 daj'es we had sett more ground about fort Henry 
than Sir Thomas Gates founde sett by the Indians in the 
yeare before. After I had forwarded this worke because 
1 conceaved it necessary as well to looke into the p'nte 
state of James Towne and what might befitt to be accom- 
plished there before my search further up for a convenient 
newe seat the rayse a principall Towne, according to my 
directions as also to unlode our provisions into our 
Magazine of w'ch I knowe some of ill-condicioned Ships 
required the more speed, as likewise careful! to sett some 
hands likewise on the worke for the lading of their Ships 
w'th all conveniency and speed for their Returne. I left 
the charge of Corne setting about Charles fforte under the 
command and care of the Captives w'ch I nowe had 
broughte ; leaving therefore still on shoare w'th them all 
my newe Company. Constituting Capt. James Davys 
Taxe Mr. of the whoU three fforts, who havinge instruc- 
tions given from ray self should appointe each Capt of the 
fforte what to command his officers and his people to 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 81 

execute, who weekely therefore (I did soe order it) that 
they should give accompt to Capt Davis, and Capt Davis 
to me. This thus settled and evry one busie att his taske 
and dayes labour, the 19 I came before James Towne, 
being Sonday in the afternoone, where I landed and first 
repairing to the Churcli (the company thither assembled) 
Mr. Poole gave us a Sermon, after that Mr. Strachy did 
openlv reade that commission w'ch his Lo'p had left w'th 
him for me, Capt Percy surrendering up his, it being 
accordingly soe to expire. I found here likewise noe 
corne sett, some fewe seedes put into a private garden 
or Two, but the Cattle, Cowes, goats, swine, poultry, &c., 
to be well and carefully on all hands p'served and all in 
good plight and likeing. The next day I called into con- 
sultacon such whom I found here made of the Counsell by 
his Lo'p where were proposed many businesses necessary, 
and almost everyone essentiall w'ch indeed required much 
labour and many hands, as namely the reparcou of the 
falling Church and soe of the Storehouse, a stable for 
our horses, a Munition house, a Powder house, a newe 
well for the amending of the most unholesome water w'ch 
the old afforded. Brick to be made, a Sturgion house, 
w'ch the late Curer you sent by the Hercules much 
complayneth of, his worke otherwise yrapossible to come 
to good, and indeed he dresseth the same sturgions p'fect 
and well, a Block house to be raysed on the North side 
of our back River to p'vent the Indians from killing our 
Cattle a house to be sett up to lodge our Cattle in the 
winter, and hay to be appointed in his due tyme to be 
made, a Smythe's forge to be p'fected. Caske for our 
Sturgions to be made, and besides private gardens for 
each man. Comon gardens for hemp and flaxe, and such 
11 



82 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

other seedes, and lastly a bridge to land our goods dry 
and safe upon, for most of w'ch I take p'ate order. And 
appointed first for the Church Capt. Edw. Brewster with 
his Ging. and for the stable Capt. Lawson witli his Ginge. 
Captain Newport undertooke the Bridge w'th his Mariners, 
all the Savages I sett on worke who duly ply their taske 
and thus when theis are done the others shalbe sett uppon. 
In the meane while we nowe of necessity are inforced to 
plie the unlading of our ship to w'ch we call other hands 
not imployed and I myself likewise somewhat busied two 
or three days to dispatch Capt Adams w'th all speed 
w'th theis our I'ters of Auisoa, who the 21 was p'nte w'th 
att Counsell where we positively determined w'th God's 
grace (after the Cornes sitting at the Princess fFortes to 
goe up unto the falls ward to search and advise upon a 
seate for a new Towne w'th 200 men, where we will sett 
downe and build houses as fast as we may resolving to 
leave at James Towne some good ffyfty men w'th a suffi- 
cient Commander for the p'servacon of our breeders like- 
wise att that Counsell it being then debated, howe hopefull 
the truste for a while would be unto tlie Northward rivers 
especially that Pattomack for corne after harvest. I did 
forbid all manner of tradings with the Indians least our 
comodities should growe every day w'th them more vile 
and cheap by their plenty. And being poUitiquely con- 
veyed by Powhatan unto those Northerne people, who 
seeing our access threaten againe (as in this last winter 
was Capt. ArgoU in the Discovery) might forestall our 
truckings. Likewise the 21. I went into Paspahaighes 
ould Towne because it was related unto me to be good 
ground to sowe corne in purposing to sett there some 
hemp and flax, but surveighing yt I found it too much 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 83 

rough weeded and overgowne w'th shrubbs and bushes 
which nowe being greene and highe would not be soe 
readily cleansed this yeare for any servic. The 22, I 
made divers p'claraacons w'ch I caused to be sett up for 
the publiquc viewe, one for the p'sevacon of our cattle 
amongst our selves, another for the valuacon of pr'visions 
amongst the Mariners, the Copies of w'ch I have sent and 
leave to your noble consideracons, every one here thinking 
those rates very easy and reasonable. 

Let me intreat that we may have both a viz admiral 
And hired Mariners to be all tymes resident here, the 
benefit will quickly make good the charge as well by a 
trade of tfurs to be obtayned w'th the Salvages in the 
Northern Rivers to be returned home as also to furnish 
us here wth come and fish. The waste of such men all 
this time wliom we might trust w'th our pynaces, leaves 
us destitute this season of soe great a quantity. of fish as 
not farre from our owne Bay would sufficiently satisfie 
the whole Colony for a whole yeare. Our wante likewise 
of able Chirurgions is not a lyttle, be pleased to advise the- 
Committees for us in this pointe. 

And thus having nothing ells at theis pr'sent to be 
further a necessary trouble to me I humbly take my leave 
in all offices and travell to the advancem't of this yo'r 
hopefuU Colony, bowing me ever unto the same and yo'r 
hon'able command 

a constant & p'petuall servant 

Thomas Dale\ 

Virginia James Tomne the 25 of May, 1611. 



' Thi.s letter reached England in the summer. On August 16, 
1611, John Wright, Bookseller, entered at Stationers' Hall "A 



84 VIRGINIA VUTUSTA. 

Dispatches received from Sir Tliomas Dale, spurred tlie 
London Company without delay, to send out Sir Thomas 
Gates with six ships, three hundred men, one hundred 
kine, and provisions of all sorts. Especially active in 
fitting out the expedition was the distinguished army 
officer Sir Edward CeciP, and the well known naval 
officer Sir Robert Mansell, having prepared certain laws 
for the better government of the Colony. 

Gates left England in June and arrived about the fifth 
of August at Jamestown. 

George Percy after Dale went to Henrico was left in 
command at Jamestown and wi'ote the following letter 
addressed 

Letter of George Percy. 

" To the right Hono'^'*' my singular good Lord and 
Brother, the Earle of Northumberland. 

Right Hono"'^ 

I am not ignorant, and cannot therefore be unmindfull 
in what I may so satisfie your Lo^ for your manifold and 
continuall cortesies w*^"" I dayly, and at the aprotch of 
everie shipping do abundantly taste of, and I must 



ballad. The last news from Virginia, being an encouragement to 
all otbers to follow that noble enterprise." No copy of this ballad 
is known to exist. 

' Sir Edward Cecil, K't, son of Thomas, Earl of Exeter. In 1603 
Keeper of Mortlake Park. In 1605 went to the war in the Low 
Countries. In 1609 Keeper of Putney Park. In 1612 he went 
for Prince Henry as sponsor to the child of Count Ernest of Nassau, 
In 1616 he is in London where his first wife died, and in Nov., 1618, 
he married Diana, sister of Lord Burleigh, created Lord Wimbledon. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 85 

acknowledge freely that this last yere hath not bin a 
little chardgable into your Honor who I hope will con- 
tinue so noble and hono"'^ opinion of rae as you shall not 
think any thing prodigally by me wasted or spent w"='' 
tendeth to my no little advancement : True it is the place 
w'^'' I hold in this Colonie (the store affording no other 
meanes than a pound of meale) cannot be defraied with 
small expense, it standing upon my reputation (being 
Governor of James Towne) to keep a continuall and dayly 
Table for Gentlemen of fashion about us, my request unto 
y' LoP at this present is to intreate your Honnor to be 
highly pleased to dischardg a Bill of my hand made to 
Mr. Nellson, and likewise a Bill of eight pounds unto 
M' Pindle Burie of Lond" merchant, and I shall ever be 
in all humble dutie bound unto your Lo^- And thus 
wishing all honnor and happines to accompanie you in 
this world, and eternal blisse in the other to come, I cease 
to be further vnneccessary troublesome vnto your Lo^ ever 
vowing myself and the vttermost of ray services in all 
duty unto your Honnor and rest 

Your Lordship's louinge brother 
Virginia George Percy.' 

James Towne August 17, 1611. 



' Percy was born Sept. 4, 1580 and was thirty-one years old when 
he wrote the above letter. His mother was Catherine, the eldest 
daughter of John Neville, Lord Latimer. His sister Lucy was fair 
and talented. Lord Hay afterward Earl of Carlisle gave an enter- 
tainment in her honor, but the Earl of Northumberland kept her in 
the Tiiwer, for he said, " No Percy should dance Scotch jigs." 
Hay however persisted and about 1618 married her. Hay possessed 
great wealth, and by his influence Northumberland was at length 
permitted to leave the Tower. After he died his ^vidow, as the 
Countess of Carlisle, became one of the most noted women in 



86 VIRGINIA VETU&TA. 

Percy returned to England in 1612, it is supposed in the 
ship " Treasurer," Capt. ArguU in command. He landed 
at Dover where he remained a few days, and then engaging 
post horses road to London. Finding that some one had 
published a relation of Virginia containing false state- 
ments, he wrote " A trew relation of the proceedinge, and 
occurrents of momente which have hapened in Virginia 
from the time when Sir Thomas Gates was shipwrackte 
upon the Bermudas, anno 1609, until my departure out 
of the countrie, which was in A. D. 1612." The narrative 
was dedicated to Lord Percy, and a fragment of it is still 
among the Percy MSS. at Petworth House', County 
Sussex, England. 

diplomatic circles. She was the intimate friend of the Eurl of 
Stafford and after he was beheaded, held confidential relations 
with John Pym the popular leader of Parliament, and at a later 
period she is counselling with General Monk as to the restoration 
of Charles the Second. Smith in his " New England Trials " pub- 
lished in 1620 mentions him as in England. In 1627 he was a cap- 
tain of a troop in the Low Countries where he lost a finger, as his 
picture shows. He died in 1632, unmarried. 

' The absence of Lord Leconfield, as the following note will show, 
has prevented the publication of this fragment, in Virginia Vetusta. 

"Sepf 28th, 1884. 
" Sir : My absence from Petworth, an absence which will be ex- 
tended till the end of Nov', or commencement of Dec', prevents my 
being able to comply with y'r request, until my return, as I have no 
one there whom I could employ to make the extracts you ask for, 
from the MSS. on Virginia dedicated to Lord Percy, without my 
personal directions. I trust that this delay, may not be a serious 
impediment to the work you have in hand. 

" Iremain 

"Y'rs faithfully, 

" Leconfield," 



CHAPTER IX. 




AFFAIRS OF COMPANY, A.D. 1612. 

The Charter of March, 1611-12. Kixg's Council foe Virginia. 
Letter of Sir Edwin Sandys. The Lotteries. Publications 
OF the tear. Somers Island Company. 

HE discovery of Bermudas, made it important 
that there should be an alteration and enlarge- 
ment of the Charter of 1609, and application 
was made for certain changes. A new charter 
dated March 12, 1611-12 was obtained, and the London 
Company were granted all islands between the thirtieth 
and forty-first degrees of north latitude, and within three 
hundred leagues of parts heretofore granted. 

Provision was also made that five members of the 
King's Council for Virginia and fifteen members of the 
Company duly assembled should be a legal meeting. 

As subscriptions by the towns and individuals had 
greatly decreased, the Company now depended upon a 
lottery for the support of their Colony in Virginia. The 
Mayors of the several towns were as far as possible inlisted 
in the enterprize. Among the manuscript records of the 
town of Sandwich i? the following : 



88 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Letter op Sie Edwin Sandys ox the Lottekt. 

" Gextlejten : I am required b}' his Ma""^ Counsel for 
Virginia, to call on you for the Twenty Five pounds w'^'' 
long since y" promised to adventure w"* them towards tlie 
farthering of that plantation. And have received from 
them a Bid of adventure under their seale to be delivered 
unto you upon paiement of that sum w'ch Bill I have sent 
you by M"' Parke, to be disposed accordingly. 

" I am also in their names very earnestly to pray y" 
furtherence toward the furnishing of a Lottarie lately 
granted to them by his Ma"". The use and nature thereof 
yo" shall perceive by the proclamation concerning it which 
I have also sent. And W Mayor of Sandwich is particu- 
larly desired to receive & return such monies as men shall 
be disposed to adventure in it according to such instruc- 
tions as are contained in a book sent to you for that 
purpose ; presuming greatly of your affectionate rediness 
to aid & advance so worthie an enterprize tending so 
greatly to the enlargement of the Christian [religion], the 
honor of o"^ nation & benefit of English people, as by God's 
assistance the sequell will in short tyme manifest. The 
example also hereof, now beneficiall in y""' best & most 
needfull occasions it may prove unto y" selfs, I knowe 
in y°' wisdome y° will easily see & consider. 

" So w"" my very hartie salutations I comend y° to the 
divine tuition, and rest 
Northborn Y"" very loving friend, 

8 April 1612 Edwin Sandys. 

" To the Right wor""'^ my very loving friends the Mayor 
& Jurates of Sandwich." 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 89 

Before the last charter was officially promulgated, on 
February 24, 1611-12 there had been entered " A boke 
or thing called the Publicacon of the Lotary for Virginia/" 
and it is to this Sandys alludes in his letter. On May 1, 
1612, Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Dudley Digges, and Master 
Robert Johnson entered another book' entitled " The 
Lpttarye's best prize declaring the former successe and 
present estate of Virginia's plantation." 

A few days afterwards on the I6th of May, there was 
issued " A publicacon of his Maiesties Councell of Virginia 
touchiuge the defrayinge of the Lotterye." 

The first public drawing of prizes to the amount of 
£5,000 took place on the 29th of June in a new built 
house " at the west end of Pauls."' Out of the lottery 
there were drawn out and thrown away sixty thousand 
blanks, without abating of any one prize. By the 20th 
of July, the drawing was completed to the full satisfaction 
of all concerned. Thomas Sharplisse. a London tailor, 
drew the great prize, four thousand crowns in silver plate 
■which was carried to his house " in a very stately 
manner." 

Ogilby, whose son John was the author of a work on 
America, and a translation of Homer, was in prison for 
debt, and borrowing some money of his son, purchased a 
ticket, which drew a prize which enabled him to satisfy 
his creditors.* 

The book entered on May 1, 1612, was published with 
the following title : 



' Arber's Stationer^ Hall Register. * Arber. 

' Baker. * Aubrey. 

12 




THE 

NEW LIFE 

ot Virginea: 
DECLARING THE 

FORMER SVCCESSE AND PRE- 

lenc eltate of that plantation being the fecond 
part of Noua Britannia. 

Publiilied by the aiithoritie of his Maiefties 

Counl'ell of rirginea. 

L O ND O N, 

Imprinted by Felix Kyngston for IVilliam Welby, dwelling at the 

ligne of the Swan in Pauls Churchyard. I 6 I 2. 



YIRGIKIA TETUSTA. 91 

This book has a dedicatory epistle ostensibly written 
by Pi. J. (Robert Johnson j. It contains language as to 
stage players almost the same as that in Crashaw's sermon. 
The book displays a great knowledge of history and it 
may have been composed by or under the supervision of 
Crashaw. 

In allusion to the lottery it uses these words': " Of all 
our adventures I may well say there is but one third part, 
which to their praise, from the first undertaking, to this 
day have not ceased to give their counsels, spend their 
times, and lay down their monies, omitting no occasion to 
express their zeal for effecting (if it may be possible) so 
great a work for the King and Country's honor. And for 
this cau^e, the burthen being heavier than may well be 
borne by the shoulders of so few willing minds we do still 
provoke our private friends and have now obtained the 
help of public lotteries to maintain the same." 

It is mentioned in this volume that "Captain Samuel 
ArgoU a gentleman of good service is ready \vith two 
ships." In September, he arrived at Jamestown. 

Early in the year 1612, the Company published a book, 
which on December 13, 1611, had been entered by Sir 
Edward Cecil, Knight, the experienced General in the 
wars of the Low Countries as -'Articles, lawes, and 
orders dyvyne, politique and martiall for the Colonve in 
Virginia, first established by Sir Thomas Gates. Knisht 
and Leiftenant Generall to 24th of May. 1610. exeraplv- 
fied and approved by the Right Honourable Lord Delaware, 
Lord Governor and Captayne GeneraU the 12th of June 

* The spelling is modernized. 



92 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

1610, agayne exemplyfied and enlarged by Sir Thomas 
Dale Knighte Martiall and Deputy Governor the 22d of 
June 1611." 

When printed the title was a little modified. 

It was decided after the third charter was granted that 
the colonization of the Bermudas should be undertaken 
by only a portion of the members of the Loudon 
Company. 

In a letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, Kt., Ambassador at 
Venice, on the 12th of February, 1612, John Chamberlain 
writes " There is a lotterie in hand for the furthering of 
the Virginia viage and a vnder companie erecting for the 
trade of the Bermudas, w''*' have changed theyre name 
twise within the moueth, being first christ'ned Virginiola 
as a member of that plantation, but now lastly resolued 
to be called Sommer Islands, as well in respect of the 
continuall temperat ayre, as in remembrance of S' George 
Sommers that died there." 

A little later Henrj^, Earl of Northampton' writes to his 
" Most excellent, most gratiouse, most redoubted and deer 
Soueraine " that " Another Companie are in like sorte 
advertized of the safe arriuall of their shippes in the 
Bermudas." 

Eventually, for two thousand pounds the London Com- 
pany sold out their interest in Bermudas, and on the 29th 
of June, 1615, King James granted a separate charter to 
the Guvernur and Company of the City of London for the 
plantation of the Somer Islands. 



' An abstract of this letter is on p. 54, History of the Virginia 
Company and by mistake attributed to Earl of Southampton. 




CHAPTER IX. 

THE LATER CAREER OF C\PTAIN CHRISTOPHER NEWPORT, SIR 
THOMAS DALE, SIR THOMAS GATES, CAPTAIN SAMUEL AR- 
GALL, AND CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 

IDWARD HOWES the chronicler, wrote^: " Cap- 
tain Newport seeing the necessary yearly 
supplies for the plantation not to proceed as was 
required for so honorable an action, he left the 
service, being chosen one of the Six Masters of Navy 
Royal." 

He was employed by the East India Company to com- 
mand the ship which carried Sir Robert Shirley as 
Ambassador to Persia, and on June 20, 1613, was at 
Saldanha. His wife remained in England. The next 
year he returned and at a meeting of the East India 
Company in August, 1614, he was much commended, and 
the next month it was ordered that he should be rewarded 
for his discoveries in the Persian Gulf. In view of 
another voyage, in November, Newport wished a salary 
of £240 a year, but a committee said "Let him rest 
awhile and be advised to bethink himself for a short time." 
It was arranged in January, 1614-15, that he was to have 
upon the next voyage £15 a month, and that he was not 



^ Annals London, 1631, 



94 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

to trade. On the 16th of May, 1617, he was with the ship 
"Lion," at Saldanha ready to sail for Britain. In 1618 
he was at Bantam, in command of the " Hope." He died 
in the East Indies and left a son named John. At a 
meeting of the Virginia Company on the 17th of November, 
1619, the following minute' was made : " Wheras the Com- 
pany hath fomerly granted to Captain Newport a bill of 
adventure for 400 pounds, and his son now desiring order 
from this Court, for laying out some part of the Same, 
M' Treasurer was authorized to write to Sir. George 
Yeardley and the Counsell of State for affecting thereof." 



Sir Thomas Dale. 

Upon the recommendation of King James, after the 
return of Sir Thomas Dale, the Netherlands paid him his 
salary, ^£100, for the time of his seven years absence in 
Virginia. Sir Dudley Carleton, the representative of 
England at the Hague, wrote to Lake, one of the King's 
Secretaries, "Hears that he [Dale] left the States service 
the very day of the receipt of his money sans dire adieu, 
it being given out that he is employed into the East 
Indies by the King's command. Shall gladly receive 
some civil excuse, the Kings men being interested both 
in Sir Thomas Dale's good treatment by the States, and 
in his ill-manner of leaving their service." 

Dale had married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Thomas 
Throckmorton, Kt., of Tatworth, Gloucestershire, and 
brother of Sir William Throckmorton, Kt., and Baronet. 



' History of Virginia Company, p. 164. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 95 

The latter was a member of the East India Company and 
through him Dale applied for employment. On the 8th 
of October, 1617, there was a discussion at a meeting of 
the East India Company as to the relative merits of Sir 
Richard Hawkins, Sir Thomas Dale, and Capt. William 
Parker, suitors for the place of chief commander of their 
fleet, and on the 28th of November, Dale was appointed 
chief at an annual salary of £480, and Parker second in 
command, at a salary of £320. 

Before the ships sailed, Dale was " informed how dis- 
tastefully the Company take his employing his money in 
private trade in the Indies contrary to his promise and 
bond." Early in 1618 the fleet left, and on the 23d of 
December was at Jacatra, and on the 2d of the next 
January had an engagement with the Dutch fleet, which 
lasted three hours. Dale calls it " a cruel, bloody fight 
three thousand great shot fired." In July,' 1619, he arrived 
at Masulipatam on the Coromandel coast very sick. He 
was brought ashore to the East India Company's house 
and after twenty days, "with contempt of death," he 
ceased to breathe, and a letter to the East India Company 
mentioned that his body " was enclosed and housed in 
form of a tomb." He was succeeded by Captain Martin 
Pring. 

Just before he left England, February 20, 1617-18, he 
made his will, and left all his estate to his wife, and 
appointed " Sir William Throckmorton, Kt. and Bart., his 
loving brother in law " an overseer of the will. 

In reply to a demand of Lady Dale, tbe East India 
Company on November 4, 1623, replied " The Court did 



96 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

not a little wonder at the unreasonable pretences of Lady 
Dale and were sorry that they liad done her any courtesy, 
and in letting her have the silk that came home on her 
husband's account. 

" It was said she reports that her husband took £20,000 
out of a Chinese junk, but if it were taken it belongs to 
the Company who employed him ; also that he carried 
his estate in money, but the contrary appears at his going, 
for he was so ill provided, he was forced to borrow ,£100 
of the Company ; and if he had not accepted when he did, 
the Company would not have employed him at all, the 
ships being ready to depart without him ; it was affirmed 
that many were so little desirous he should go that they 
offered him £100 to stay, but an honourable Lord, his 
friend, had promised him to go." Lady Dale'- died childless, 
in 1640, and by her will she directed her debts should be 
paid out of her estate in the hands of the East India 
Company. To her niece Dorothy Throckmorton, she left 
five hundred acres of land in Virginia ; to W. Hamby, son 
of Richard, all her laud in Charles Hundred, and to 
Richard another son of Richard, her lands in Sherley 
Hundred in Virginia.^ 



' The statement on p. 77, History of Virginia Coinpany, tliat 
Dale was twice married, is a mistake. 

^ Captaiu Conway wliose first wife was a cousin of Lady Dali>, on 
July 1, 1623, wrote to his father, Sir Edward Conway, Secretary of 
State to thank him for having procured from the King a req\iest to 
the Navy Commissioner, to obtain for the widow of Sir Thomas 
Dale the lease of an estate in the hands of the East India Company. 
Note in Asjiinwall Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Col., Vol. 9, iv. Ser. p. 59. 

^ Henry Watkius, an overseer of Lady Dale's lands, in 1624 was 
killed by the Indians. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 97 

Sir Thomas Gates. 

The wife of Sir Thomas Gates diet! 1611, while on the 
way to Virginia, and he sent his daughters baclc the same 
year. In 1G14 lie left Virginia, and ap])ears to have 
passed most of his remaining years in London. He was 
present at the meeting of the Virginia Company on 
February 2, 1619-20, at the house of Sir Edwin Sandys 
near Aldgate, when the patent to John Peirce was sealed, 
under which the Puritans of Leyden migrated to Plymouth 
Rock. He frequently served on committees. Sir Dudley 
Digges in 1621. while sojourning at Amsterdam, in a letter 
to the English ambassador at the Hague, sends his " love 
to the honest Sir Tho's Gates." He was born at Colyford, 
Devonshire, but the place of his death is not certain.* He 
had two .sons. Thomas served in 1626 at Cadiz, and in 
1627 at Isle of Rhe or Rochelle, where he was killed by 
a cannon ball, Anthony died before 1637 but his widow 
was then living. His daughters Mary and Elizabeth, in a 
petition in the Calendar of State Papers, mention that 
"they were destitute of means to relieve their wants." 

Captai.v Samuel Argali,. 

Captain Samuel Argali returned to Englaiid in 1619, 
under a cloud. Camden writes : " Samuel Argallus qui 
Virginias gubernator, Societatis accusatus deprcdationis 
repetundarum turbarum et Reipublicaj male adminis- 
tratse, et subaudi vexillum contra Hispanos e.xplicasse." 



' Stith, and History of Virginia Company, mention that he 
died in tlie East Indies, which is an error. 
13 



98 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

He had not been long in London before he sought employ- 
ment from the East India Compan}', but did not succeed. 
Under Sir Robert Mansell in October. 1620, he went as 
captain of the "Golden Phoenix" in the fleet against 
Algiers. In December, 1621, he again proposed to enter 
the service of the East India Company ; " some exception 
was taken to him, but his reputation was left untouched 
only the Court conceived a mere marine man would be of 
best use to the Company, and would be best obeyed." In 
1G22 he was knighted by King James. Under Sir 
Edward Cecil he was captain of the flag ship, the " Sur- 
prize " in October, 1625, before Cadiz, and died in January, 
1626.^ His daughter Anne married Samuel Purcevall, 

Captain John Smith. 

Captain John Smith, after he was sent to England to 
answer some misdemeanors, never received employment 
from the London Company. In April, 1614, two ships 
from London arrived at the " isle of Monahiggan," the 
Master of one of which was Captain Hunt, and of the other 
Michael Cooper. Smith accompanied them. On the 5th of 
August, he had returned to London, and four ships more 
were sent out under Cooper. Smith had some disagree- 
ment with the owners and in the " Description of New 
England alludes, to it in these words: "Although they do 
censure me as opposite to their proceedings, they shall 
yet still in all my words and deeds find it is their error, 
not my fault that occasions their dislike." He never saw 
the coast of America after this year. 



For other notices see History of Virginia Conqmrry. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 99 

In 1618 he sent to Lord Bacon, always anxious to 
make money, a letter, with a " Description of New 
England," which contained these sentences : " I desyre y°' 
Honor would be pleased to grace me with the title of y*"' 
L'ds servant. Not that I desyre to stand vpp the rest of 
my dayes in the chamber of ease and idleness, but that 
thereby I may be better countenanced for the prosecution 
of my voyage." 

Bacon may have listened to his proposition. In the 
Fortescuc Papers there is a letter from Robert, Lord Rich, 
the new Earl of Warwic^k* dated Dec. 11, 1618, in which 
are these words " We cannot yet hear of Capt. Smith but 
my Lord Chancellor and I have written to Sir F. Gorges 
and Sir Tliomas Marke to stay his bark and himself" 

From this period he lived seeking a patron but with 
little success, and in 162^ published his " True Travels, 
Adventures and Observations" a most entertaining work, 
which was read as much as the adventures of Thomas 
Coryat* who in 1GI8 had died. 



' Created in 1618, and died in March, 1618-19. 

' Coryat in 1608 walked over France, Germany and Italy in one 
pair-of shoes, which upon his return were huntr up in the church at 
Odcombe. In 1011 he published an account df his travels with tiie 
title " Coryat's Crudities." The book was prefaced by sixty pieces 
of " mock commending verses" by Ben .Tonson and other poets. In 
1012 after a speech in the street, at Odcombe, he started on a ten 
years ramble, and in 1617 died at Surat. Pie did not cut off three 
Turks' beads, as one who seems to have stepped in his shoes, but he 
wrote " that he saw men liave their eyes pulled out and their 
tongues cut off, which before an idol were speedily returned again." 
After his death, a friend wrote to Sir Dudley Carleton that he had 



100 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

On the 2l8t of June, 1631, he died and was buried at 
St. Sepulchres Church in London, which stood next to the 
old ruin with the sign of the Saracen's Head. In his last 
days Sir Samuel Saltonstall, Kt., had befriended him. 
Wye the son of Samuel, an Oxford graduate, in 1635, pub- 
lished a translation of History of the World by Hondius 
and placed therein a portrait of Captain John Smith. 



" left enough written to fill the world with new relations ; and to 
have made any printer an alderman." 




CHAPTER X. 

TRANSPORTATION OF THE WORTHLESS : AND POOR CHILDREN 

TO VIRGINIA. 

^ROM the beginning of tiie plantation in Virginia 

it had been the policy of the Company to send 

I thither poor children, and those of age who did 

not stand well in England. Among the papers 

of William, Lord Howard, published by the Surtees 

Society is this memorandum : 

" His Maiestie propounded at New Castle that such as 
weare now to be transplanted should be sent to Virginia. 
Transplantation weare not necessary of all such as have 
been known heretofore to have been offenders, as nowe 
are suspected to be actor, rece'etors, or abettors : that the 
service might be sincerely put in execution, which formerly 
hath not been, but barbarous offenders have been winked 
at, and innocent soules either out of private spleene, or 
for greedy gaine have been sent awaie. 

" Such a service partially performed is not pleasing to 
God, acceptable to his Majestie, or beneficiall to this 
countrie. An account is desired of 500/ collection of the 
countrie for the last transportation was bestowed." 

There is no doubt that the sending away of some to 
Virginia led to their moral reformation, and their becom- 



102 VIRGINIA VETVSTA. 

ing ornaments and blessings to the Colony. Among the 
English State Papers are found these notices. 

At the Privy Council Chamber, White Hall on the 13th 
of July, 1617 there was issued " an open warrant for the 
reprieve of Christopher Potley, Roger Powell, Sapcot 
Molineux, Thomas Middleton and Thomas Crouchley 
prisoners in Oxford Goal, and to deliver them unto Sir 
Thomas Smyth, Kt. to be transpoi'ted to Virginia or other 
parts beyond the seas." 

At Hampton Court, the last of September, 1617, there 
was granted " an open warrant for the reprieving of 
James Knott^ out of the prison of Newgate, being convict 
of felony and to deliver him to Sir Thomas Smith," etc. 

Bridget Gray on July 19, 161S, informed the Privy 
Council that her grandson, John Throckmorton, was in 
Newgate for stealing a hat worth six shillings, his first 
oflfense, that he had been incited by Robert Whisson, an 
old thief who had been hanged and she begs that he may 
be delivered to Sir Thomas Smith and be sent beyond the 
seas.^ 

In September, 1622, John Carter, a poor distressed 
prisoner convicted of stealing a horse, asks to be sent to 
Virginia, and this year Eleanor Phillips agreed to take 



' Knott arrived when he was about eighteen years of age in the 
ship George, and became the servant of Charles Harmon, a trader 
on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, and member of Virginia 
Assembly. 

' A John Throckmorton about eighteen years of age, in 1618 
arrived in Virginia, in the ship " William and Thomas." 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 103 

to Virginia at her own charges one Dan. Francke, a 
reprieved malefactor.* 

On the 13th of January, 1618-19, the King writes from 
New Market to Sir Thomas Smith " that the Count had 
lately been troubled with divers idle young people, who 
though twice punished, still continued to follow the same 
employment. His Majesty having no other course to 
cleanse the country from them had thought fit to send 
them to him, if they might be sent to Virginia, and set 
to work there. "^ 

The proceedings of the Virginia Company show that 
the Colonists were willing to receive these persons.^ 

Capt. John Damyron of the ship '•' Duty " brought over 
a number of these, and George Sandys in one of his 
letters alludes to the " Duty boys " who had been put to 
work. 

Stith, the President of William and Mary College, and 
Historian of Virginia, writes^ " And I cannot but remark 
how early that custom arose of transporting loose Jind 



' At this time there was also a di.sposition to kidnap girls. — On 
the 13th of Nov., 1618, Francis Pre we, a constable, deposed that 
Owen Evans, a messenger of the Chamber, ordered him to impress 
maidens. John Watts also testified that Evans gave him ten shillings 
to press four maidens for Virginia. 

' Liittrell in his Diary under date of November, 1692, writes: 
" That a ship lay in Leith going for Virginia, on board which the 
Magistrates had ordered 50 lewd women out of the houses of cor- 
rection, and 30 other who walked the streets after 10 at night." 

^History of Virginia Company, pp. 154, 162, 169. 

' History of Virginia. Printed by William Parks, Williamsburg, 
1748, p. 168. 



104 VIRGINIA VETUHTA. 

dissolute persons to Virginia, as a place of punisliTnent 
and disgrace, which although orginally designed for the 
advancement and increase of the Colony, yet has certainly 
proved a great prejudice and hindrance to its growth. For 
it hath laid one of the finest countries in British North 
America, under the unjust scandal of being a Hell upon 
Earth, another Siberia, and only fit for the reception of 
malefactors and the vilest of the people." 




CHAPTEE XI. 

AFFAIRS OF THE NORTHERN COLONY. 

Voyage of Edward Brawnde. Puritan Colonists intended 
FOR the Southern Colony, .settle at Plymouth, Mass. 

rlTE Northern or Second Colony of Virginia, only 
e.xcited an interest among a few persons in and 
around Plymouth, England. In August, 1607, 
a Colony was begun at the mouth of the Kenne- 
bec River, but the next spring was abandoned. 

After the return of these colonists to England, several 
years passed without any eifort to settle in the northern 
plantation, although voyages were frequently made to 
procure fish. 

In 1614, Capt. John Smith visited the north Atlantic 
coast, and from Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his few 
associates obtained the title of Admiral of New England, 
although he never again reached that coast. 

In 1615, Sir Richard Hawkins was appointed by the 
Council of the second Colony, President of the plantation, 
and left for his post in October of that year. 

Among the Cottonian MSS. of the British Museum, is 
the following report of Capt. Edward Brawnde, which was 
discovered by the writer several years ago. Owing to 
the original having been injured by a fire, which occurred 
one hundred and fifty years since, some lines are partially 
14 



106 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

destroyed. It was probably written in 1616, and directed 
" to his worthye good friend Captayne John Smith, 
admerall of New England." 

Brawnde's Voyage to Kennebec. 

"We had a conuenent wind to Manhegin for it 

pleased God to derictt him there and after hauinge 

ended his voyage in departted the harbor of Man- 
hegin the 22 July there was another ship called 

the Blessing of whereof one Arther hitchens was 

Mr wichh departed out of plim [outh] last of January and 

havinge a contrery passedge did not arive the 

country before the first of Maye or the last of Aprill and 

si . wasted her salt was a means of 

bendering of her voyage she cam '■ 

the country the 22 of July bounde for England and arived 
the 27 of August. 

And a shipp called the daved of Plimouth whereof 
one John Mintren Master being of the burthen of 120 

tunnes and departed out of plimouth about 

the niidds of February and ariuedinto thecountrye 

about the 5 or 6 daye of Aprell, she hath made a good 
voyage and departed the countrye the 21 of July bound 
for Eno-land and ariued in Plimouth the first of September. 

There was also a shipp of London called the , of 

the burthen ot 200 whereof one Edward Brawnde was 
M'r wich departed outt of darttmouth the 8 of Marche 
and fell in with Sodquin the 20 of Aprell & was harboured 
in Manhegin the 24 of Aprell and hauing his boatts 
detayned by Sir R'd Hookins was constrayned to build 
all his boats & having great store of trade his voyage was 



VIRGINIA YETUSTA. 107 

very much damnified, yett eusing his best endeavor he 
and his companye made vvth in litell of anny voyage. * 

* * * ■.-: jyj'j. Brawnde came out of Manhegin 

the 21 of July and left his pinness in the countrye being 
bound about Cape Cod for the discovery of sertayne perell 
wich is told by the Sauvages to be there. 

M'r Brawnde arived there the 28 of August 



the admerall arrived into England- 



Auguste, the other arrived about the 5 or 6 of September. — 

To all whome this doth concerne, this is to be sertifyed 

Ther ar greet voyages to be made in New Englande 

upon fish take the times of the yeere and likewise upon 
ferrs so far as [they] be not spoyled by the nieanes of 
towe many factors ther. * * * j ^ow engage myselfe 
and men to loade a shippe of 200 betweene the first of 
Marche and the [The letter here, in sentences nearly 
destroyed, states that a ship commanded by Wm. West 
arrived, and also the Tnall at a later period.] midds of 
June, for in Marche Aprill and Maye is the best time of 
making of drye flfsh. A shippe that will carye 400,000 
New Friesland fyshe will nott carye above 7 or 8 score 
from New Englande. 

the countrye is good and a healthhye clemett. for 
ought that I can se or understand the sauve^es area 
gentell natured peopell and frequent the Englishe vere 
much, the countrye is worthye of prayes and if I were 
of abbilitye and able to venture I would venture that 
waye as soone as ayne waye in anye countrye that yieldeth 
such comodityes as that doth, though my meanes be not 
able to venture yet my life and labour is willing and 



108 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 



industrious att the uttmost of my power. 



The Mr is 

his chief mate 

The second mate 

The owner 'o'' shippe 

The M'rchantt 

The bosone 

The gonner and pilott his 

matt 
The bosone's matt 
The quarter m'rter's is 



The steward 
The cooks, 



Edward Braund 
John Bennett 
Briane Tocker 
William Treedell 
John Edwards 
John hille 
William Gayneye 
James Farre 
John downe 
Nicholas Collins 
Thomas Weber 
John Barrens 
Hennery Batteshill 
John Brinnelcorae 
Nicholas Head & 



John Hutten 

Some of the comen mens names are 

John Wiles 
Phillip Wiles 
Thomas Roberts 
John Hept 
Thomas Tobbe 

I hope I need not writt enye more of my mens names. 

So I end comending all wishes and good adventures in 
this voyage to pr'tection of the Almighty I rest 



Your loving friend 
Edward Brawne." 



To his worthye good frend ^ 
Captayne John Smith V 
admerall of New England J 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 109 

Sir Richard Hawkios^ (Hookins) alluded to in the report 
did not remain long on the coast, but writes Gorges : 
" From thence he passed along the coast to Virginia, and 
stayed there some time, and took his next course for 
Spain," 

Sir William Alexander in 1624, writes, that " about 
four years [ago] a ship going for Virginia came by chance 
to harbor in the south-west part of New England. ihis 
was the ship sent out by John Pierce and associates under 
a patent sealed February 2, 1619-20, by the London 
Company, and containing the Puritan' colonists from 
Leydon « Gorges referring to the landing of the Puritans 
at Plymouth Rock, mentions that " after they had well 
considered the state of their affairs, and found that the 
authority they had from the Company of Virg.ma could 
not warrant their abode in that place which they found 
so prosperous and pleasing to them, took steps to obtain a 
grant from the Council of New England." 

' Son of Sir John. In 1599 was a prisoner in Spain having been 
captured in South American waters. After his release was Vice- 
Admiral of County Devon. In 1615 made President of North 
Colony. 

^ It was complained that Sir Edwin Sandys was too favorable to 
the Puritans. In the Manchester Papers there is a MS. note that 
Sir Edwin Sandys was opposed to monarchical government in 
general, and had moved the Archbishop of Canterbury " to give 
leave to the r>rownists and Separatists to go to Virginia and 
designed to make a free popular State there, and himself and his 
assured friends to be the leaders." 

^History of Virginia Company, pp. 129, 130. 

* Ibid, p. 133. 



CHAPTER XII. 




THE ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR YEARDLEY. 

Meeting of First Legislatuke. Introduction of Negro 

Slavery. 

EORGE Yeardley was the first person elected 
Governor of Virginia who had actual experience 
as a planter. He was " a soldier truly bred in 
the University of War in the Low Countries,' 
ami in 1610 arrived in the " Deliverance," at Jamestown, 
with Gates and Somers, and proved himself loyal to the 
King and true to the interests of the Colony. He was 
first placed in command of a stockade near the site of 
Fortress Monroe, and in 1616 when Sir Thomas Dale 
returned to England, acted as Governor until Argall 
arrived in 1617 duly commissioned. He visited England 
in 1618 with his wife, who in 1609 had come to Virginia, 
and brought back evidences of his personal prosperity. 
Pory writes to a friend, that " the Governor here who at 
his first coming, besides a great deal of worth in his per- 
son, brought only his sword with him, was at his late 
being in London, together with his lady, out of his mere 
gettings here, able to disburse very near three thousand 
pounds to furnish him with the voyage." 

The presence of such a person in London, when the 
intelligence came that Lord Delaware had died on his 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. \\\ 

return to Virginia, led the merchants of the Company 
wisely to choose him, as the next Governor. It was a 
disappointment to the office seekers around the court 
eagerly waiting for the crumbs of patronage, and a letter 
written because the new Governor had been a poor officer, 
and brother of Ralph Yeardley, the Apothecary at the 
sign of the Artichoke in Wood Street, called him a " mean 
fellow" who after his appointment, and being knighted, 
flaunted it " up and down the street in extraordinary 
bravery, with fourteen or fifteen liveries after him." 
Whatever may have been the motive, this walking about 
the streets of London called the attention of the populace 
to Virginia, and promoted imnaigration. 

While elected in November, 1618, he did not sail from 
the Thames until the following January, and owing to 
adverse weather, it was the 19th of April, before the ship 
reached Jamestown. Measures were soon taken in accord- 
ance with his instructions, to convene the first assembly of 
legislators in North America, consisting of two Burgesses 
from each plantation, freely elected by the people. 

While the majority of the colonists with difficulty 
earned their bread, yet a few had accumulated more than 
enough for daily subsistence, and there was manifested 
the disposition of vulgar, prosperous people, for display. 
Pory the speaker of the first Legislature, wrote soon after 
its adjournment to Sir Dudle}' Carleton : '' Your Lordship 
may know that we are not the veriest beggars in the 
World. One cow keeper here in James City, on Sunday 
goes accoutred in fresh, flaming silk, and a wife of one 
that in England had professed the black art, not of a 
scholar, but a collier of Croyden, wears her rough beaver 



112 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

hat with a fair pearl hat-band, and a silken suit thereto 
correspondent." 

If lialf of the witty Pory's words were true, it was good 
policy for the Legislature which convened in July, 1619, 
to enact " that every man be cessed in the churches for 
all public contributions, if he be unmarried according to 
his own apparel ; if he be married, according to his own, 
wife's, or either of their apparel." During the first five 
months of Yeardley's administration eleven ships arrived 
at Jamestown, " freighted more with ignorance than any 
other merchandize." 

The Intboduction of Negro Slaves. 

When Argall, a friend and kinsman of Sir Thomas 
Smith, in 1618, hastily returned from Virginia, Camden, 
and others, heard it whispered that he had sent a ship 
to the Spanish West Indies on an errand not commend- 
able. This ship was the *' Treasurer " Captain Daniel 
Elfrid^, and had been sent to Argall when he was Gover- 
nor, by tlie Earl of Warwick, and it had been despatched 
to the West Indies from Jamestown " ostensibly for salt 
and goats," but it brought back negroes and booty .^ It 
roved in company with a Holland vessel, under Capt. Kerby 
that had a letter of marque from the Prince of Orange. 
The Captains of these two ships came back from the 
Spanish West Indies, to Virginia in the summer of 1619, 
and Rolfe as quoted by Smith, writes " About the last of 
August came in a Dutch man of war that sold us twenty 
negroes " Upon September 30, 1619, while this Dutch 



' Also written Elfrith and Elfreys. 
' See Appendix. 



VIE G INI A VETUSTA. 113 

«hip was at Jamestown, John Pory, Secretary of the 
Colony, wrote to Dudley Carltstoa : " The occasion of this 
ship's coming hither was an accidental consortship in the 
West Indies with the Treasurer, an English man of warre, 
also licensed by a Commission from the Duke of Savoye 
to take Spaniards as lawful prize. This ship, the Treas- 
urer went out of England in April was twelvemoneth, 
[1618] about a moneth I thinke, before any peace was 
concluded between the King of Spaine & that prince. 
Hither she came to Captaine Argall, then governour of 
this Colony, being parte owner of her. Hee more for 
.love of gaine, the root of all evil, then for any true love 
he bore this Plantation victualled and maned her anewe, 
and sent her with the same Commission to rauage the 
West Indies." 

The Flemish ship of war sailed from Jamestown for 
England, Marmaduke Rayner', an Englishman, being its 
pilot. On its way to Virginia it had touched at the 
Bermudas and Capt. Kerby presented fourteen negroes to 
Governor Kendall in return for supplies. 

The " Treasurer " reached the Bermudas toward the 
close of 1619, and John Dutton, a kinsman, writes to the 
Earl of Warwick* that it brought twenty-nine negroes 



' Marmaduke Rayner was well known in Virs^inia and had made 
an exploration in North Carolina. — History of Virginia Company, 
pp. 17.5, 220, 402. 

* Sir Robert Rich, the first Earl of Warwick, was already under 
suspicion of doing questionable things for the sake of money. Two 
of his ships trading near the Red Sea, surprised and took a vessel 
belonging to the mother of the Great Mogul. Gapt Martin Prino- 
General of the East India Company's fleet, took the prize away from 
lo 



114 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

from Virginia, and mentions : " It was Capt. Argall's 
unwarranted boldness to use his Lordship's name, as a 
bolster to his unwarrantable actions." 

The " Treasurer" being no longer sea- worthy, Smith 
writes "stark rotten," the crew were here dismissed and 
the cannon taken out. Governor Butler was told by 
some of the sailors that half of the fourteen negroes left 
by the Dutch ship " were never of the Treasurer's com- 
pany, but were stolen from one Youpe a Dutchman." 
Butler wrote to the Earl of Warwick that as many "of 
the Treasurers people " as visited it were allowed to go 
home, but that they were " dangerous tongued fellows " 
and had " given out secretly that if they were not paid 
to their utmost penny of wag'^s, they would go to the 
Spanish Ambassador, and tell all." 

As soon as Governor Yeardley arrived as Argall's suc- 
cessor in Virginia, he wrote to Sir Edwin Sandys, the head 
of the London Company, that it was supposed that the 
" Treasurer " had " gone to rob the King of Spain's subjects 
in the West Indies by direction from my Lord of War- 
wick." 

The information was presented to the King's Council 
for Virginia, who after deliberation determined to blot 
out the name of the Earl of Warwick ; and Sir Edwin 



the captors, brought it to Sural and restoreil it to tlie owner. 
Abbot, Archbisliop of Canterbury, on Feb. 19, 1019, wrole to Sir 
Thomas Roo, about Lord Rich having been before the King and 
Council relative to his piratical ships in the East Indies and uses 
these words : " I think he was so handled amongst us, that you shall 
hear no more of him there." — Cat. State Papers East India Series, 
1619-21, p. 248. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 115 

Sandys, Earl of Southampton and Sir Nathaniel Rich, a j ** 

relation of the Earl of Warwick, went with the case to the jr^^ 

Privy Council, but through the influence of Warwick the rn' J^ 
business was dismissed without prejudice to Argall, but in y L 0' 
the Spring of 1620', the (Company received another letter ^ i tf 
from Governor Yeardley informing them that the " Treas- \^ 
urer " had returned to Virginia, and " having cold enter- V ^ WV 

tainment they soon departed in a very distressed state, .t/ ^ 

leaving one principal member of their company, a master's 1 v 

mate or lieutenant behind them, which man the Governor 
there examined upon his oath, who though it were to the 
endangering of his own life, confessed that they had been 
robbing the Spaniard in the West Indies." 

Sir Edwin Sandys, as soon as he received this communi- 
cation, called together the Council of the Virginia Company 
and recommended that information should be given to the 
Privy Council, and also to the Spanish Ambassador. The 
result was muf;li ill feeling upon the part of Warwick 
toward Sandys, which was for a time allayed, and it was 
proposed that " all parties anyways interested in these 
differences particularly L Sou [thampton] my L. W 
[arwick] Sir Ed. S [andys] " and others should " at some 
church in London, receive the communion together in 
confirmation of mutual accord." 

The negroes of the " Treasurer" were a cause of trouble 
as late as 1623. In Lefroijs Bermudas is the following 
order of Governor Harrison to the Sheriff : 



' These atateruents are found in Appendix to Eighth Report of 
Royal Commission, on Historirjil Mantiscripts. 



116 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 



" Whereas there hathe byn a cause determined before 
the councell touching 14 negroes, to be brought & reladed 
to Cap'*'" Daniell Elfrey & the seamen of his Company. 
W"^"^ negroes are not yet disposed of according to the coun- 
cells direcons in that behalfe. Theise are therefore to 
require you that ymediatly after the receipt hereof you 
inquire and make diligent searche for all those negroes 
that belong vnto the Earle of Warwicke w"^*" have byn 
brought into theis parts by Capt. Kerby and Cap'"'" Elfrey, 
and there found, to cause to be disposed accordinge to the 
councells said determynacon for the generallity & the sea- 
men of Capt. Elfreys said Company." 

In Virginia, in 1625, there had been no increase in the 
number of negroes. 



Virginia Slaveholders, February, 1625. 



OWNEK 

Capt. W. Pierce 
Sir George Yeardley 

<( (( a 

Richard Kingswell 
Abraham Piersey 
Edward Bennett 
Capt. Francis West 
" William Tucker 



Place Negroes 

Jamestown Angelo, woman, from 
ship " Treasurer" 
" Five men 

" Three women 

" Edward 

Four men 
Wariscoyak Antonio and Mary 
Elizabeth City John Pedro 

" " Anthony, wife Isabel, 

and child William. 

Total of " Negros " 20. 



' Kendall went to England and claimed, tliat the negroes had 
been given to him, in return for supplies furnished Kerby. " About 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 117 

Suips FOR Virginia, 1020-21. 

During Yeardley's administration, the Earl of South- 
ampton, as Governor of the London Company, issued a 
statement of three printed pages, called 

" A note of the shipping and provisions sent and 
provided for Virginia by the Earl of Southampton and 
the Company, this year 1620."^ 

Between August, 1620, and March 1620-21, the Com- 
pany had sent out the ships " Boua Nova," the " Eliza- 
beth," the " May Flower," the " Supply of Bristol," the 
'' Margaret and John," and the " Abigail." 

The " May Flower " Capt. Thomas Jones, did not reach 
the southern Colony, but landed its Leyden and Puritan 
immigrants in the north Colony. The " Margaret and 
John" called by sailors the " Black Hodge " was of 160 
tons burthen, and carried eight iron cannon and a falcon. 
She sailed for Virginia, Anthony Chester, Captain, early 
in February, 1619-20, with eighty passengers. Near 
an isle in the Spanish West Indies on March 19, 1620- 
21, it had a fight with two Spanish men of war; and 
Dr. Lawrence Bohun, the physician of the Colony, returning 
to Virginia, was killed. 



midsummer in 1622" tbc Somers Island Company "taking con- 
sideration of the wrong done to- Captain Kendall ; and the Earl of 
Warwick referring the claim to the judgment of the Court, it was 
ordered that nine of said negroes should be delivered to Captain 
Kendall, and the rest to be consigned to the Companys' use." Not- 
withstanding this, the Earl of Warwick wrote to his agent, not to 
deliver the negroes, and the restitution was deferred. 

'The year O. S. ending March 24, 1620-21. 




CHAPTER XIII. 

GOVERNOR WYATT'S ADMINISTRATION. 

The Massacre. Sickness and Famine. I.ettbbs op George 
Sandys. Lady Wyatt. William Capps. 

IT his own request Governor Yeardley was re- 
lieved^, and in October, 1621, Sir Francis Wyatt'*, 
his successor, arrived at Jamestown. 

During the first year of his term of office the Colony 
increased in prosperity. Of the nine ships sent out in 
1621-22, with eight hundred passengers, all arrived safely, 
but one; and for the one who died on the voyage, there 
was one birth. Steps were taken to reduce the excessive 
planting of tob.icco, and improve its quality ; an order 
was given for the raising of corn. Iron works under the 
supervision of John Berkely of Beverstone Castle, Glou- 
cestershire, were established at Falling Creek, where, wrote 



' A petition was sent to tlie King's Council for Virginia from 
many of the first personal adventurers and planters, willing and 
ready to prepare themselves to go there again with families, sug- 
gesting that a nobleman like the late Lord De la VVarr might be 
sent as Governor. It was signed by Sir Thos. Gates, Capt. P'rancis 
West, Samuel Argali, Daniel Tucker, Robert Beheathland, Laurence 
Bohun, Roger Smith, and Ensign James Swift. 

'' Notice of Wyatt, see Mistori/ of Virginia Company, p. 204. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 119 

George Sandys, " Nature had applied herself to the wish 
and direction of the workmen." 

But adversity soon clouded this prosperity. The 
Indians on the 22d of March, 1621-22, suddenly attacked 
the white settlements, and killed about three hundred 
and fifty of the Colonists, and amonL'' others John Berkeley, 
George Thorpe and Nathaniel Powell, valuable men. 

Plantations were deserted through fear, and the next 
year but little attention was given to raising the necessa- 
ries of life, and the survivors were desponding and dis- 
posed to murmur. The new immigrants who arrived 
were not properly clothed, nor provided with subsistence, 
and in a few months many were on the verge of starvation. 

George Sandys, the treasurer of the Colony, wrote to 
Deputy Ferrur that Sir William Newce' in October. 1622, 
had come " with a very few of weak and unservicable 
people, ragged, and with not above a fortnight's provision, 
some bound for three years, a few fur five, and most, upon 
■wages." Newce died in a short time, and Sandys mentions 
that for the five men which should have been delivered 
to him, he was glad to receive '■ a page dead, before 
delivered, and " another little boy hardly worth his 
victuals." 



' Newce had served as a captain against the Spaniards at Kinsale, 
and was one of the English colonists in Ireland. Captain Sir 
William Newce was in 101.3 chosen the first Mayor of Bandon. 
He laid out a town opposite Bandon called Newce's Town and the 
conjecture that Newport, Va. was first called Newce's Port may be 
true. In April, 162 1, he offered to plant a Colony in Virginia. His 
relative, Thomas Newce, was a Councillor, and he was Marshal of 
Virginia. 



120 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

The wife of Governor Wyatt, Margaret, the daughter ot 
Sir Samuel Sandys^ and niece of the treasurer of the 
Colony, came to Virginia in the ship " Abigail," which 
with the " Furtherance " cast anchor about the beginning 
of the year 1623, before Jamestown. In a letter dated 
April 4, 1623, she wrote to a sister : " That the ship in 
which she had gone over had been so pestered with 
people and goods * ''' * so full of infection, that 
after a while they saw little but throwing folks over- 
board." The ship was so full that she could not have a 
cabin to herself. The " Captain seemed to be troubled at 
it, and laid all the fault on the two Mr. Ferrars, and to 
make the people amends, died himself. The beer stunk 
so " she could not " endure the deck, for it." 

Capt. Each, of the " Abigail," had contracted with the 
London Company " to lay his ship near Blunt Point, and 
before the end of March [1623] erect upon the oyster banks 
a block house that should forbid tlie passage of any ship 
higher up the river." 

In a letter to his father, George Wyatt, the Governor, 
wrote that it would have been impossible to build the 
fort upon the oyster bank, and if even " there had been in 



' Governor Wyatt's wife in a few moutlis returned to England. 
(Jhauiherlain, on June 19, 1623, writes, " The Lady Wyat, daughter 
as I take it to Lord Samuel Sandys is returned from Virginia great 
with child, and Mrs. Percy [Pierce or Piersey ?] in her company." 
He also mentioned that " an unruly son of the Lady Finch's whom 
she sent to Virgiiua to be trained fell into quarrel with the watch, 
and was so hurt he died the next morning." Governor Wyatt's 
mother was named Finch, and John, the third son of Sir Moyle 
Finch, died about this time. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 121 

the ship men of sufficient skill, the great charge of the 
ship would have eaten [the Colonists] up to the bone, 
being 160Z a month. It pleased the Company to propose 
the [return] freight of the ship to be made by transporting 
64,000 lbs of tobacco, whereas in truth there was not 
made so much throughout the Colony. The Governor, 
vexed at the Company's requirements, wished that " little 
M'' Farrar' were in Virginia that he might add to his 
zeal, a knowledge." 

Among the arrivals, early in 1623, were surgeon 
William Rowsley (Rowesley) and wife and ten men, who 
on July 3, 1622, had received a patent, but in a short 
period, all were dead. Capt. Thomas Barwick- who was 
sent over with twenty-five men to build ships, had died, 
with six or seven of his best workmen. Capt. William 
Norton who had been sent out in 1621 by the Company 
to erect glass works with the aid of some Italians, had also 
failed. George Sandys had been appointed by the Com- 
pany to oversee the works in case of Norton's death and 
he wrote to Ferrar of the Italian workmen that " a more 
damned crew Hell never vomited." Viucenzio had cracked 
the furnace with an iron crowbar, and the workmen were 
making but little progress, in order to be sent back to 
England. 



' Nicholas Ferrar, on May 22, 1622, liad been elected Deputy 
Treasurer of the London Coniijany. 

^ Barwick had been with Newport in the East Indies and in 1619 
ill a liglit willi tlie Hollanders, a letter written insinuates that he gave 
up the ship "Bear" either "out of cowardliness or sincerity of 
religion." Sir Thomas Roe alludes to him as " M' Barwick, 
Admirall of two good ships the " Bear and Star." 
16 



122 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Samuel Wrote, a prominent member of the London 
Company, received the following letter from George Sandys, 
which is given in full.' 

Letter of George Sandys. 

" Noble S' 1 am almost ashamed that I have left yo'' I're 
unanswered thus longe but a bodie languishinge, well nigh 
unto death and a mynd distracted and broken with ill 
successes here and hard censures at home have disabled 
me from all dutyes but those w°'' necessitie inforceth. But 
now I thanke God I have recovered my health and a litle 
cured my thoughtes with the balme of my Innocencee 
resolving to strive against theis Torrents of difTicultyes 
till I passe them over or bee swallowed up by them, 
rather in that I wilbe constant to my Course then out 
of anie hope to gaine reputacon or satisfie your con- 
cepcons. For their affections to this Plantacon hath so 
over hightned everie thinge that it is impossible for our 
Indevours to give it that lustre w""* must needes redound 
to the disgrace of us and will I feare to the prejudice of 
the Collonie / would to God that some one of Judgment and 
integritie lohom you trusted might bee sent ov'' to give you a 
true information of our proceedings and the state of this 
Countrye. If then it be found that wee are faultie let the 
censure and punishment light upon the ill deserver for 
my owne part I will desire no favour. But if our want of 
meanes have frustrated yo'^ hopes or the hand of God by 
extreame sicknes and unheard of mortalitie hath prevented 

' Copied at ray request by Mr. W. Noel Sanisbury, from the 
originals in the Manchester Papers at His Majesty's Public Record 
Office. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 123 

our Iiidevors or if wee have heene enforced hy some of yo^ 
Insiriwtioti-t to (joe coiitrarie to o^ Jwhime/nts If wee should 
imploy our owne or the Servantes of others (w'*" would 
never bee endured) for future expectacons, how in the 
meane time shall they be fed and clothed or how shall 
wee give a satisfaction to their maisters. It is not a 
small proporcon of come that will feed a Man when that 
is his onelie sustenance, had you no other provisions in 
Enirland perhaps the land were too little to sustain her 
inhabitantes and for apparrell I will give to the Magasine 
10£ sterling a yeare (as the rates here goe) for the 
clothing of each particular Servaunt ibr everie labourer 
wee give one pound of Tobacco a daye besides his diet 
and 8 or 4 a day to Artificers, from whence shall theis 
payments arise Moreover so mauie come over witlumt tiine 
provisio)i ami those you set out yorseloes so furnished to 
halves (a maine cause of their debtee and, deathes aud of yo^ 
small relumes) that they make a dearth of a pletdifuU 
harvest, I protest for my owne part if I knew how to 
defraie the expences of the yeare I would not set one 
plant of Tobacco whilst I lived in this Countrie soe much 
I loath it and onelie desire tiiat I could subsist without it. 
Now if ;iny will upraid us with the successe of this yeare, 
let them take heed least they manifest themselves to bee 
of the race of those Gyants w*^** made warre w"" Heaven 
for who is ignorant how the heavie hand of God hath 
suppressed us, the lyveiwj heing hirdlie able to bihry the 
dead through their owne Imbecillitie insomuch as I am 
afraid wee have not lost lesse then -500 by sicknes (with 
a generall weaknes of the rest) w'*" taken out of so small 
a number (farre short of yo"' conjectures) I beleive have 



124 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

not left behind them so manic able men in the Countrye, 
and by the way I would you could hang that villaine 
Dupper^ who with his stinking beere hath poisoned most of 
the passengers and spred the infection all over the Collonie 
w* before the arrivall of the Abigail were recovered, lastlie 
whereas it was the onely benefit w"'' wee reapt from tlie 
treacherie of the Indians in draioing ourselves into a narrower 
circuite, whereby the people might have beene better 
governed and lived with more comfort and securitie, pub- 
lique Charges more easilie defraied, forces raised with lesse 
difficultie and hazard to the Remaynder townes in short 
tyme would have beene forfeited framed houses erected 
Orchardes planted and groundes impailed for the keeping 
of Cattle, staple Comodities the better advanced, strength, 
beautie pleasure riches and reputacon added forthwith to 
the Collonie by yo' commanding tis to dispearse wee are 
like quicksilver throwne into the fire and hardlie to bee found 
in so vast a distance. But I can but give you a touch of 
theis thinges w"'' perhaps were better unwritten then not 
written to the full. If God spare me life I will write a 
particuler discourse of this Countrie, the hindrances to the 
Plantacon and waies to advance it, with an answeare unto 
Calumny, meanwhile I referre you to others for other 
particulers and will now addresse my replie to yo' letter. 

" If I could be proud yo'' Censure had so made me for 
that slothfull worke w'^'' I was ashamed to father, notwith- 
standing it begat a desire to proceede but heare my owne 
Author* 



The London brewer. 
Ovid. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 125 

" nee plura sinit tempusqe pudorqe 

" Dicere mains opus magni certaminis vrget. 

" Yet amongst the roreing of the seas, the rustling of the 
shrowdes and clamour of Saylers I translated two bookes* 
and will perhaps when the sweltering heat of the day 
confines me to my Chamber give a further assaye for w'" 
if I be taxt I have noe other excuse but that it was the 
recreacon of my idle howers and say with Alciat: 
" Dum pueras inqilans^ invenes dum tessera fallit 

" Desinet et segnes chartula picta vires 
" Hkc nos festivis emblemata adiraus horis 

" As for dubius accusacons, Custorae and the raeanes of 
the man hath made me insensible of such injuries but 
more ignoble was that though proceeding from a nohler j^erson 
who said wee held not ourselves secure without the guard 
of a Thowsand men when it is well knowne that I received 
not one man into my Plantacon though I had at some- 
tymes not five that were able to beare Armes and for the 
Governour I my selfe was an Eye witnes that the Coun- 
cellors themselves were Constrayned to watch nightlie by 
turnes untill the Countrie allowed him a Guard of thirtie 
for whose intertaignment he is yet unsatisfied what a 
lying devill is mallice And nowe a like to degresse (for T 
write as thinges come into my mynd and expect from so 
worthy a friend as you are a pardon of Errours since I have 
not the leasure to read over what I have written) what a 
flagitious ofience was that in us to fetch of men from their 
dividends who had neither food nor municon nor in 

' He translated five before he left Englaml. His entire trans- 
lation was in 1626 published. 
' Inquilanas ? 



126 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

number able to defend themselves in the cultivatering of 
the earth or guard of their cattle, all being slaine about 
them and wee unable to supplie any one of their wantes 
without the ruyne of others, must they not have beene 
left of necessitie a pray either to slaughter or famyne or 
how would their weakenes have indured the want of their 
ablest men to have gone upon the Indians when out of the 
whole Collonie wee could not raise 180 men {ivher of 80 
were fit onelie to car rie burthens) to incumber 1000 w'^'' had 
put all in hazard if God had not taken their heartes from 
them, though as valiant as lyons against one another and 
as skiliull in their bowes as the Benjamites with their 
slinges, haveing munie j^eeces besides with Powder and sliott 
and knowiitij too well how to use tliem, how am I touched 
in particuler about that ignominious proposicon of remove- 
inge to the Easterne shore when I onelie related the 
Argunicntes and noniynated the Author And although 
the Goveriiour and niyselfe gave way that the place might 
be survaid for the planting of a Partie there as better 
furnished with all sortes of provision and fit hereafter for 
fortifiontons, yet never was it so much as in our thoughtes 
(though manie raune violentlie that waye) to quit the 
places w'^'' wee held and I for my part would first have 
beene torne in peeces. But wilbe more warie hereafter 
what I write — 

" I used M' Calthrope at his landinge withall the curtesie 
I could and brought him acquainted with the Governour, 
I proferd him the Entertainment of my house and my 
owne Chamber to lodge in w*'"' he refused in that I was to 
bee but seldome there my selfe in regard of my almost 
dailie attendaunce at the Councell table (for besides our 



VIRGINIA VJETUSTA. \ 127 

owne parte wee are faine to discharge tlie offices of others : 
if if*" Secretaries had heene good for anie thiiaj wee would 
never have suffred Mm to have gon home and what a pitlifull 
CounceUour have icee of i/o'' Doctou)^). I have given from 
time to time the best Councell I am able, at the first he 
kept companie too much with his Inferiours who hung 
upon him while his good liquor lasted. After he consorted 
with Captaine Whitacres (a man of no good example) with 
whom he is gone into Kicotan yet wheresoever he bee he 
shall not bee without the reach of my oare, nor want for 
anie thing that I or my credit can procure him, I kindlie 
thank you for yo"' Grayhound the fairest that ever I saw 
yet the want of his stones have deaded his courage and 
made him altogether useles. But I have written too 
much and yet no thinge luopem me copia fecit. I cease 
to trouble you but never to love you. I pray you re- 
member my best love and wishes to worthie M"" Gibs. 

" Yo"" assured Friend, 

" George Sandys. 
" James Cittie 

"28 Martii, 1623." 

" S' I pray you be intreated extraordinarlie to importune 
M' John BonoeilP to send me two Frenchmen skilfuU in 

' Christopher Davison was sick from the time of his arrival. He 
is supposerl to have been the son of Sir William Davison, secretary 
of Queen Elizabeth. In the census of 1C25 Alice Davison, a widow, 
is registered at Jamestown, probably his wife. 

" Dr. John Pott — A sketch of his peculiar career will be found 
on pp. 221, 222, Ilistori/ of Virginia Oomjjaiiy. 

' Silk worm raiser to the King, and author of the work published 
in 1620, for the benefit of Virginia. 



128 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

silke worraes and planting of vines I will pay them 20 
markes a peece for their wages bj the yeare and find 
them victualls or 20c£ a peece if they will accept of o' 
Virginia paym' — M'' Mellin will take order for their 
passage. 

" I have sent you a tast of our best tobacco by M' Tuke 
if you like it I will furnish you yearelie with enough for 
your takeing. 

" To his worthie friend 

" Samuel Wrote, Esq"'' 
" at London 

" be theis delivered." 

Letter of William Capps. 

William Capps, an old planter who had represented 
" Kiccowtan," afterward Elizabeth City, in 1619, in the 
first Legislature of Viiginia and in after years was a 
prominent citizen, a few days later wrote this vigorous 
but grumbling letter to Deputy Ferrar. 

" Emanuel 

*' Right worthy S' According to my promise I now begin 
to write yo" in folio, but know not where to begin. Com- 
plementes I must refuse and begin I must somewhere and 
thus first. 

«■ Yo" would make all men to forsweare yo"" dealing for 
yo° know I was awarded xxx"* and by yo' meanes I was 
not to have it my selfe but was first to adventure it w"" 
S^ Wyir Naughtworth^ He dying in Virginia the T/irear^ 

' Sir William Newce. 
' George Sandys. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 129 

seizeth of all and there is an end of that and my 7 
yeares toyle in breeding of Swyne and Capt Newce hath 
w"" his Company devowred them almost all w"' himselfe 
and those men yo" sent to him & there is an end of that. 
I tould you of entertayning new Comanders over yo' men 
but yo" lightlie regarded it, these men must have large 
guiftes and large comissions and worshipped and what 
good have they done for yo°, marry even this brought all 
to nought. Thorp he hath brought such a misery upon 
us by letting the Indians have their head and now must 
controll them. The Governor stood at that time for a 
cypher whilest they stood ripping open o' gutts. Captaine 
Newce he cutts our throates on the otiier side and he letts 
in the Indians and that while the other provides to kill 
all the swyne as it were of sett purpose to overthrow all 
and who must make this good againe. The old smokers 
our (I knowe not how to terme him but) Governor so 
good so carefully mild, Religious, just, honest that I 
protest I thinke God hath sent him in mercie for good to 
us, he undergoeth all your cares and ours and I feare not 
but God will bless him in all his proceedinges but who 
must be the Instrument to make all this whole againe. 
Why Capps all voyces can set him forth about these 
businesses : But who must pay him his byre. The Contrey 
is poore and the Company is poore and Capps is poore 
already and poorer he wilbe if he follow this course : You 
see I never had penny of you for all my paines. I thinke 
yo° M"" Farrar know th' inside of my hart but .seeing I 
must to it againe I pray S"^ be you carefull to doe me what 
good you can, first in acquainting the Companie what a 
deale of trouble it wilbe and hinderance to me. My Lord 
17 



130 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

of Southampton did promise me he would see me satisfied 
but perhaps its forgotten therefore you must bestirr your- 
selfe and when you see any lustie young men that will 
pay their passage and some or no permission you may 
thinke well this fellow if he were bound to such a man 
for 4 or 5 yeares it might doe him some good but I am 
sure if I had xx it could not countervayle my labour, for 
I must hang at it like a Beare to the stake; You have 
seene that pastime but comonly it lasteth but an bower 
but I doubt this will last 12 monthes and by hap bring 
you in 3 or 4 score slaves to work about a fort or other 
servile worke but before I deliver them up I will make 
them sing new Toes old Toes no Toes at all because they 
shall not outrun me for I am sure they have made us sing 
a song this twelve month to the tune of man where is 
thy hart become so not fearing but you will be mindfull 
of my welfare as well for some comfortable drinke and 
meate as otherwise for my benefitt I rest 

" Your Friend indeed 
" 31 March, 1623 " Will" Capps. 

" Verte." 

" S'' I have here taken some paynes for yo'' Instruction 
which if you will receave may breed much health for of 
force this must be granted that either its a plague from 
heaven or els the plague from these great shipps so pestered 
with men I meane the death of all those men that have 
dyed this winter and before a little I promised you to 
write in Iblio but had it not ben seed tyme I would have 
sent it in foliorum. For Martyns Hundred if I had but 
one Body more I would have ben there to have secured 



VIRGINIA VETVSTA. 131 

them. The Counsoll was very earnest with me to have 
coraand there but the greater worke must bo before the 
lesser, yet I will see them now and then and be often on 
their Barkes for their guard I pray good Sir take these 
few lynes and peruse them well for these are dangers that 
may be avoyded I meane the unhealthines at sea and 
worse when it comes ashore. 

" The first cause is for want of cleanliness, for betwixt 
the decks there can hardlie a man fetch his breath by 
reason there ariseth such a funice in the night that it 
causeth putrifaction of bloud and breedeth disease much 
like; the plague. The more fall sick the more they annoy 
and poyson their fellowes the which may be prevented by 
care had by you. For I remember when I was in the 
voyage with Sir Thomas Gates and S"' George Somers we 
came in heate of somer were at sea fifteene weekes and 
lost not a man and farr southerlie which was indeed the 
great mercie of God and the meanes of health was not 
neglected which were these. By that tyme we had layd 
our own latitude and raysed 2 or 3 degrees to the South- 
ward they appointed that every man should have half a 
Biskett cake and halfe a small can of Beare every morning. 
Then were appointed swobbers for the cleansing of the 
Orlopp and every part of the shipp below. Then every 
man was forced in faire weather to bring up his bed to 
ayre in the shrowdes. In the meane tyme the Quarter 
Masters were busied in the swobbing of everj'^ cabbine 
belowe with Vinegar as alsoe betweene decks which cast 
such a savor of sharpnes to the stomach that it bred 
health. 



132 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

" Likewise the dogged usage of the saylers I meane those 
in comand as namely old Luke Forterow & the Purser by 
whose ineanes I dare sweare hath ben the death of halfe 
the Passengers with the lielp of the poyson they gave us 
instead of Beare. And for my owne part as I am a 
Christian I had no allowance at all nor none could gett 
for the Purser tould me my Passage was not payd. There- 
fore by my consent never hire shipp of three deckes for 
they of force must breed the sea plague I doe not meane 
because I had no allowance but by reason of such vehe- 
ment funkes that cometh from below. 

" Next for S'' Wm. Newce he came indeed into the 
Contrey and dyed and AF Sandys he gripes all for the 
Companie for all yo' Order of Court and if you looke well 
about you may see the just hand of God on that very 
place. For by true Report since the day it was torne 
from us there have dyed above a hundred more by halfe 
than ever dyed there in eleaven yeare before and one 
himselfe. And now if the Company will send me over 
X or xij Carpenters & Sawyers & brickmakers with 
provision for the first yeare I wold take payiles and 
care to provide after for them and build a substantial! 
guesthouse the first at Elizabeth and the other at James 
for if you did but see how miserablie they die for want 
of provision and housing you could not but pitlie their 
cases. There must be to this business two yoake of oxen 
and a horse. This being effected by Gods helpe there 
wilbe health and after they may be sett to the building of 
a skonce for defence but I must tell you if I meddle with 
it I will no man to command them any thing for if they 
doe I will meddle no more with them." 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 133 

On the 11th of April, 1623, Sandys wrote another 
letter to John Ferrar, relative to the weak Council in 
Virginia, and suggesting that '•' some of quality and worth " 
should be persuaded to come over and strengthen it. 
Yeardley, the late Governor, he thought was " too much 
taken up with his own private business, and did not 
wish that his government should be eclipsed by his succes- 
sors." Secretary Davison and Doctor Pott were " ciphers." 
John Pountis' meant well. Captain Ralph Haraor's ex- 
treme poverty forced him to " shifts." Captain Roger 
Smith was " fitter for action than advice yet honest in 
both." These were all the councillors. Of some of the 
prominent citizens he thought that Captain Matthews 
would attend to nothing but his crop. Capt. Tucker was 
" industrious and lit " but had to consult Mr. Ferrar's 
interests. Mr. Blainey when he left the Magazine might 
be qualified by his public spirit and good understanding, 
and Lieutenant Pierce, the Governor of Jamestown, was 
inferior to none in experience, industry and capacity. No 
others were deserving of mention. 



' Poiintis, a cousin of Sir Thomas Merry, died soon after on his 
voyage to England. 



CHAPTER XIV. 




SERMONS BEFORE THE VIRGINIA. COMPANY A. D. 1632, BY REV. 
PATRICK COPLAND AND JOHN DONNE. 

jHE Virginia'Compcany in the spring of 1622, was 
much encouraged by the intelligence of the safe 
arrival at Jamestown of their nine ships, and 
their eight hundred passengers, and the Rev. 
Patrick Copland^ was requested to deliver a Thanksgiving 
sermon. On Thursday, the 18th of April, the discourse 
was preached at Bow Church from the portion of the 
107th Psalm.^ He spoke of the dangers of the voyage, 
the deliverance, and consequent duty. He urged upon 
the City of London to continue to " transport their over- 
flowing multitude to Virginia," especially children, as it 
had been commenced by Sir George Bowles (BoUes) who 
in 1617-18, had been Mayor. 

" And that I may bend my speech vuto all, seeing so 
many of the Lord's Worthies haue done worthily in this 
noble action ; yea, and seeing that some of them gi'eatly 
rejoyce in this, that God hath inabled them to helpe 
forward this glorious worke, both with their prayers and 
with their purses, let it be your greife and sorrow to be 



' A sketch of Copland is in a following Chapter. 

° Large extracts from this sermon are given in Neill's English 
Colonizatiofi of America, Strahan & Co., London, 1871. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 



135 



exempted from the company of so many honourable 
minded men, and from this noble Plantation, tending so 
highly to the advancement of the Gospell, and to the 
honouring of our drad Soueraigne, by inlarging of his 
kingdomes, and adding a fifth crowne unto his other 
foure : for ' El dat Virginia quintam ' is the motto of the 
legal seale of Virginia."' 

The face of the seal was an escutcheon quartered with 
the arms of England, France, Scotland and Ireland, 
crested with a maiden Queen with flowing hair; support- 
ing two men in armor. 



I 




Spenser dedicated his Fairy Queen to Elizabeth, " Queen 
of England, France, Ireland and Virginia." After James 
VI of Scotland, became the James I of England, Virginia 
in compliment could be called the fifth kingdom or crown. 

About a month after its deliver}^ it was prepared for 
the press and published with this title. 



' On October 20, 1619, the Company appointed a committee to 
meet at Sir Edwin Sandy's " to take a cote for Virginia, and agree 
upon the Seale." On tbe 15th of tlie ne.xt mouth the device was 
presented for inspection. — History of Virginia Company, pp. 
154, 155. 



Virginia's God be Thanked, 

OR 

A SERMON OF 

THANKSGIUING 

FOR THE HAPPIE 

fuccefle of the afFayres in 

Virginia this laft 

yeare. 

Preached by Patrick Copland at 

i?ow-Church, in Cheapfide, before the Honorable 
Virginia Company, on Thurfday , the i8 
of Jprill, 1622. And now publijhed by 
the Commandment of the faid hono- 
rable Company. 

Hereunto are adjoyned some epiftles, 

written firft in Latine (and now Engliflied) in 
the Eaft Indies by Peter Pope, an Indian youth, 
borne in the bay of Bengala, who was firft taught 
and converted by the faid P. C. And after bap- 
tized by Mafter John Wood^ Dr. in Divinitie 
in a famous Affembly, before the Right 
JVorJhipfull, the Eaji India Company, 
at S. Denis in Fan-Church ftreete 
in London, December 22, 
1616. 

LONDON 

Printed by J. D. for William Sheffard and John Bellamie, 
and are to be fold at his fhop at the two grey- 
hounds in Corne-hill, neere the Royall 
Exchange. 1622. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 137 

The sermon had scarcely appeared in print when a ship 
arrived with a tale of horror which spread like wild-fire 
through the streets of London, and the hearing of which 
made "the "hair of the flesh to stand up." While Copland 
was preaching his sermon of Thanksgiving, the inhabitants 
of Virginia were in tears and despair. The treacherous 
Indians in March, on Good Friday, had risen and killed 
and scalped one-half of the whole inhabitants. 

Sermon of Dr. John Donne. 

John Donne, Dean of Saint Paul's, although a decided 
conformist, was a moderate man. He did not believe, to 
use his words " in a foreign church either where the church 
is but an antiquary's cabinet, full of rags and fragments of 
antiquity, but nothing fit for the use for which it was first 
made ; or where it is so new built a house with bare walls 
that it is yet unfurnished of such cei'emoaies as should 
make it comely and reverend." To a friend he wrote : 
"You know I never fettered nor imprisoned the word, 
religion ; not straitening it, friarly ; not immuring it in a 
Eome, or a Wittemberg or a Geneva; tliey are all virtual 
beams of one Sun." 

It was voted on October 23, 1622, by the Virginia Com- 
pany, " that the Dean of Paul's a brother of the Company 
should preach the annual sermon," and a committee, one of 
which was Sir John Danvers, the step-fother of the poet 
George Herbert, and later in life one of the signers of the 
death warrant of Charles the First, was appointed to 
convey the invitation, and St. Michael's in Cornhill was 
designated as the place of delivery. 
18 



138 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

It was preached on November 30, 1622, and is one of 
the best specimens of his style, abounding in quaint 
conceit, and pungent appeals. The text was Acts 1 : 8, 
and the introduction as follows : 

" There are reckoned in this book, twenty-two sermons 
of the Apostles ; and yet the book is not called the preach- 
ing, but the Acts of the Apostles ; and the acts of the 
Apostles were to convey the name of Christ Jesus, and to 
propagate his Gospel over all the world. 

" Beloved ! You are actors upon the same stage too, the 
uttermost parts of the earth are your scene, act on the acts 
of the Apostles. Be you a light to the Gentiles that sit 
in darkness, be you content to carry him over these seas, 
who dried up one Red Sea for his first people, and hath 
poured out another Ked Sea, His own blood, for them and 
for us. 

" When a man was fallen God clothed him, made him a 
leather garment, then God descended to our occupation. 
When the time of man's redemption was come, then God, 
as it were, to house him, became a carpenter's son ; then 
God descended to another occupation. Naturally without 
doubt, man could have been his own tailor, and his own 
carpenter, something of these two kinds man would have 
done of himself, though he had no pattern from God * 

* * * Now as God taught us to make clothes, not 
only to clothe ourselves, but to clothe Him in his poor and 
naked members here; as God taught us to build houses, not 
to house ourselves, but to house Him, in erecting churches 
to His glory ; so God taught us to make ships not to trans- 
port ourselves, but to transport Him." 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 139 

In conclusion he said : " Those of our profession that 
go ; you that send them who go, do all an apostolical 
function. What action soever hath in the first intention 
thereof to propagate the gospel of Christ Jesus that is an 
apostolical action. * * * * Preacli to them doctrin- 
ally, preach to them practically, enamor them with your 
justice, and with your civility ; but inflame them with 
your godliness and religion. Bring them to love and 
reverence the name of that King that sends men to teach 
them the ways of civility in this world, but to fear and 
adoie the name of that King of Kings that sends men to 
teach them the ways of religion for the next world. 

" Those among you that are old should now pass out of 
this world with the beginning of that commonwealth and 
of that church, although not to see the growth thereof to 
perfection ; ApoUos watered, but Paul planted ; he that 
begun the work was the greater man. And you that are 
young men may love to see the enemy, as much impeached 
by that place ; and your friends, yea your children as well 
accommodated in that place, as any other. You shall 
have made this wJand which is but the suburbs of the Old 
World a bridge a gallery to the New, to join all to that 
world that shall never grow old, the Kingdom of Heaven." 



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CHAPTEE XV. 




JOHN ROLFE AND HIS WHITE WIVES. 

|HE name of John Rolfe is prominent in the early 
history of Virginia. He and liis wife were 
among the passengers in the " Sea Venture " 
which in the summer of 1609, was wrecked at 
the Bermudas. About five months, after they reached the 
island, his wife gave birth to a child. In May, 1610, Rolfe 
reached Virginia. Strachey in his narrative, writes : " The 
eleventh of February we had the child of one John Rolfe 
christened, a daughter, to which Captain Newport and 
myself were witnesses, and Mistress Horton, and we named 
it Bermuda." The infant died in a short time. Rolfe 
w^as energetic and industrious. Hamor referred to him as 
follows : " I may not forget the gentleman worthy of much 
commendations which first took the pains to make trial 
thereof [tobacco] his name M'' John Rolfe Anno Domini 
1612, partly for the love he hath a long time borne unto 
it, and partly to raise commodities to the adventurers, in 
whose behalf I intercede and vouchsafe to hold my testi- 
mony, in belief that during the time of his abode there, 
which draweth near npon six years no man hath more 
labored then he has done." 

Before 1614 the wife who came with him from England 
was dead, and in the spring of that year he formed a 



^-"^-^'^ 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 141 

connection with the Indian woman Pocahontas. None 
of the writers of that day give the phice or the name of 
the minister who performed the marriage ceremony. 
Hamor only mentions that "it was about the fifth of 
April." Pocahontas died in England, on March 21, 
161G-17, and was buried as the wife of Thomas Wroth, 
gent.^ 

Rolfe in June, 1617, had returned to Virginia, and soon 
after married Jane, daughter of William Pierce, also written 
Peirce, Perse, Perce and Pyers. Pierce sailed from Eng- 
land in 1609, in the " Sea Venture," and Rolfe was his 
fellow passenger. His wife Jane came the next year, 
in the ship " Blessing." Their daughter Jane about the 
year 1618 was the wife of Rolfe, and must have been born 
in England. Rolfe's son Thomas about 1619 wi.s born, 
and about 1621, his daughter iai±fe. '^c^^c^ ^^ 

In March, 1622, Rolfe died. In his will, made March 
10, 1621-22, at James City, he entrusts the care of his 
two children to his father-in-law William Fierce. A 
parcel of land opposite James City^ he bequeaths to his 
son Thomas, and should he die without heirs to his 
daughter i^Set'^His lands near Mulberry Island were 
given to his wife during her life, and then to his daughter 
J^». To his servant, Robert Davies, he gave twenty 
pounds.^ 

' For a notice of Pocahantas see History of Virginia Company, 
pp. 83-105. 

' He had by patent 400 acres in Tappahannock and witli liis 
father-in-law and others 1,700 acres near Mulberry Island. 

' The witnesses to the will were Temperance the wife of Gov. 
Yeardley, Kichard Buck the minister at Jamestown, and Robert 



142 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

After the news of his death reached England his brother 
sent a petition to the Virginia Company. In their minutes 
of October 7, 1622, is the following : " M^ Henry Rolfe in 
his petition desiringe the estate his Brother John Rolfe 
deceased, left in Virginia, might be enquired out and con- 
uerted to the best use for the maintenance of his Relict 
wife and Children, and for his indempnity hauing brought 
up the Child his said Brother had by Powhatan's daughter 
w'ch child is yet liuinge and in his custodie. 

" It was ordered that the Governor and Counsell of 
Virginia should cause enquiries be made what lands and 
goods the said John Rolfe died seized of, and in case it be 
found the said Rolfe made no will, then to take such order 
for the petitioner's indempnity and for the mayntenance of 
the said children and his relict wife as they shall find his 
estate will beare (his debt unto the Companie and others 
being first satisfied) and to return unto the Companie 
here an account of their proceedings." 

It is nowhere mentioned why Rolfe did not provide in 
his will, for his child, by Pocahontas. 

William Pierce was one of the most influential men in 
the Colony and in 1624 his wife died. He, that year 
visited England, having taken with him as it is supposed, 
his grandson Thomas, whose name does not appear in the 
census of Virginia, taken in January, 1625, while there his 
ZMtUt^- grandchild Jarre was registered as four years of age, and 
residing with the well known citizen and member of the 
Council, Capt. Roger Smith. 



Davis (Davies), John Cartwright and John Milwarde. See Abstract 
N. Evcj. Hist. Gen. Register, January, 1884. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 143 

Thomas, the son of John Rolfe by his wife Jane Pierce, 
it is supposed was educated in England. Anthony Rolfe 
of Tallington, Norfolk, was a son of Thomas and grand- 
son of John Rolfe. His daughter Hannah, married Sir 
Thomas Leigh, born in 1639 at Stow Bardolf. A portrait 
of Jane Rolfe, daughter of Thomas, was copied by the 
distinguished painter Thomas Sully of Philadelphia. The 
Boilings of Virginia may be the descendants of Jane Pierce, 
wife of John Rolfe, 



Y v*^ , .v->^ v.w/ \^^ Kj,^ -\-^ .v.^ \ , 

l.*tievi'^.i ■<>;'. ' '"i '<>-r\:"'-- 't*-':!. ■";:<>■■,', '""^■i%»'r', :-•-!-'«&•■/ 1 *-^i ^t*^ 




CHAPTER XVI 

AJTAIRS OF THE COMPANY IN LONDON. A. D. 1623 UNTIL THE 
ABROGATION OP THE CHARTER. 

Letter of Eakl of Middlesex. Disputes of the Company. A 
Ballad. Letter of John Bargrave. 

|HE accounts of the want of provisions and many 
deaths in Virginia, led the enemies of the London 
Company to renew their efforts to have the 
charter abrogated. Alderman Johnson and 
other members opposed to the administration of the Earl 
of Southampton, sent a petition to the King in Api'il, 1623, 
requesting that a Commission might be appointed to 
enquire into the causes which had brought the Colony 
into its deplorable condition.* 

Upon the 19th of April, Middlesex, the Lord Treasurer, 
wrote to Secretary Conway : 

" M"' Secretary : Because I conceave His Ma' expects 
tojieare of the Lord's proceeding yesterday in Counsell, I 
have thought fit to give his Ma''" accompt, thereof by yo", 
when yo° shall finde a fitt time to acquaint Him with it. 

" Concerning the differences of the two Companies of 
Virginia & the Somer Islands, though there were much 
heate & bitterness betweene them at first, fitter to perplexe 



' See Petitiou and action of the Company in History of Virginia 
Company, pp. 387-390. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 145 

then to settle the busines ; yet at Last we brought them 
to agree of two points, which we found needful for the 
mayne end of His Ma'' originall & most Graciouse con- 
tynued intention & for the publique & generall good of 
both Plantacons. 

" First, because the State of the Colonies & the Accorapts 
thereof is diverslie reported by them, we have agreed of a 
Comission to be presently awarded to S'' William Jones, 
S"' Nicolas Fortescue, S'' Henry Bourchier, S"' Henry Spiller, 
S' Frances Goston, S' Richard Sutton & S' William Pytt, 
or anie four of them to examyne the cariage of the whoU 
busines, from the beginning of S' Thomas Smithe's govern- 
men' untill now : how it began with him, how he left it, 
& in what state it is at this present; what moneys hath 
been collected or raised towards it & when & b}^ what 
meanes, eyther upon pryvate adventure, or otiierwise; & 
how the same hath ben husbanded & disposed : that upon 
returne of this Coiiiission, (which we have alredie given 
order for to M'' Attorney) we may have some time grounds 
to worke upon for directyng our future counsell & resolu- 
tions to advance his Ma'* ends. Secondlie, to prevent all 
misreports & underhand workings of eyther side in the 
Colonies, in the mean t^^me we have appointed both 
Companies to meet this morning to agree of one generall 
letter to goe for them all upon the heads we have appointed 
them, & the same being so draweii by them, to be presented 
to the Lords and there approved & so to be sent over with 
the ships now in dispatch : & no pryvate I're besides to 
goe from any man, diiiering in anie point from the 
Generall. It being also resolved that another letter to 
both Plantacons shall be written from the Board, to 
19 



146 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

acquaint them with his Ma'^ Pious & Princely care of them 
& the cause in hande to provide better for tliem ; whereby 
to unite their resolutions & give them incouragement & 
constancie, to goe on cheerfuUie in the worke they have 
in hande. And soe we have left that busines for the 
present. , 

"Y"' faithful & assured friende , 

"Chelsey 18 April 1623. Middlesex. 

" M"" Secretary Conway — " 

The opponents of Sir Edwin Sandys and Earl of South- 
ampton, in Easter week of 1623, charged among other 
things " the spreading of false rumors and publication of 
letters, books and ballads describing the happy estate of 
the Plantation, which was most unreasonably put in 
practice this last Lent, when the Colony was in most ex- 
treme misery." They further complained that the Com- 
pany made scandalous accusations against the Earl of 
Warwick and others, and of the "inviting of strangers, 
yea of women to be present in a lattice gallery to be the 
spectators of their courses, and hearers of their calumnies 
to the end the rumors thereof might be more generally 
spread," and that the business of the Company was inter- 
rupted by faction and wrangling. 

The Company with dignity replied that the Virginia 
Company consisted of nearly one thousand persons of 
whom two hundred often assembled at once, and that a 
factious minority of twenty-six who brought up their 
strength from the country were the only disturbers. To 
the charge that " certain persons did draw on and spin 
out the courts till 11 o'clock at night and untill their 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 14 7 

opponents had departed " it was maintained that the 
length of the sitting was caused by important business, 
and that one hundred persons in addition to divers noble- 
men and knights were present when the question was 
put. 

The rhyme which had been complained of and called a 
" cosening ballad " by the opposition, was printed in the 
spring of 1623, and is as follows : 

Good Newes from Virginia, 

Sent from Jamos liisTowne this present Moneth of March, 1623 by a Gentle- 
man in that Country. 

To (lie tune of All those that he good fellowes. 

No English heart but heard with griefe 

the Massacre here done 
And how by savage trecheries 

full man}' a mothers sonne 
But God that gave them power & leave 

their cruelties to use 
Hath given them up into our hands 

who Englifih did abuse. 

For many reason.'^ long we lay 

and no revenge did take 
Till noble Wiat'Governour 

caus'd all the Counsell make 
A firme decree that worthy men 

should venture to oppose 
In just revenge to try their force 

against these heathen foes. 



148 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Bould worthy Sir George Yardly 

commander cheife was made 
Cause foureteene yeares, and more he liath 

within this Country staid 
Against the King Opukingunow 

against this savage foe 
Did he with many an English heart 

for just revenge tlius goe. 

Stout Master George Sands upon a night 

did bravely venture forth 
And mong'st the Savage murtherers 

did forme a deed of worth 
For finding many by a fire 

to death their lives they pay 
Set fire of a towne of theirs 

and bravely came away. 

From James his Towne wel shipt and stord 

with men and victualle store 
Up Nan-Somond river did they saile 

long ere they came to shore 
Who landing slew those enemies 

that massacred our men 
Tooke prisoners corne & burnt their townes 

and came abord agen. 

Beside one Waters and his Wife 

escaping by Gods hand 
Who satisfied the misery in 

these savage men now stand 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 149 

Muiisayraons King in danger lies 

and perill every day 
Both him and all his people there 

make hast to flie away. 

But Sir George Yardly staid not there 

no longer then must need 
Unto Pamunky river he 

came upward with all speed 
And at a Towne cal'd Chesskeyer 

he landed with some men 
Who shot with arowes manfully 

'till bullets answered them. 

There many Indians lost their lives 

their habitations burn'd 
And so unto King ToUanes house 

our English men return'd 
Who left both house and country 

and so away did goe 
Some straglars up and downe were left 

there of this savage foe. 



"D^ 



The Second Part of Newes from Virginia. 
To the same tune. 

So to Opachankenowe's house 

they inarched with all speed 
Great General 1 of the savages 

and rules in's Brothers steed 



150 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

But contrary to each man's hopes 

the foe away was fled 
Leaving both land and corne to us 

which stood us in great stead. 

So having fraughted well there shippes 

and pinases with corne 
These two great Kings were fled so far 

that safely we returne 
With all our spoile and people safe 

returning thus with joy 
Both terapell, Botes, houses and weres 

for fishing we destroy. 

Bould Captaine Powell show'd his work 

whose furst these heathen flie 
And quit there goodly houses where 

in safety they did lie 
The Kings of Waynoke, Pipskoe 

and Apuinmactokes fled 
For feare a way by Charles his Towne 

not one dares show a head. 

And Captaine Hamour plaid his part 

in severall rivers by 
In sheding many Indian es bloodes 

which us'd such cruelties 
Bringing abundance of their Corne 

to sucker us that need 
And Captaine Middisome likewise 

with honor did proceed. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 151 

Who coming tooke not all their come 

but likewise tooke their King 
And unto James his Citty he 

did these rich trophies bring 
And divers ships still are abroad 

with hundreds for to find 
Both corne and victaile from these foes 

that us'd us thus unkind. 

But for those Indians that doe love 

the English fervently 
We use them as we use ourselves 

with self same curtesie 
Great and most Gracious Mighty God 

thy name be ever praised 
Which late dids't bring thy servants low 

whom now thvselfe hath raised. 

The Indians flie and we I hope 

shall nere more want indure 
For those that put their trust in God 

shall of his Grace be sure 
Now Deere and Swine and Turkeys 

will dayly so increase 
That faire Virginia will I hope 

prove plentifull by peace. 

Of late from England safe ariv'd 

a thousand people came 
Which terrifies the Indians 

to heare this trump of fame 



152 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Armes from the Tower sent by our good King 

and twenty ships there lieng 
Makes all our friends in heart rejoyce 

while foes with griefe are dying. 

The Iron workes and silk workes both 

and vines shall be replanted 
Great store will be of every thing 

that we so long have wanted 
Indico seed and sugar canes 

and figtrees prosper well 
With every thing particuler 

that beares true tast or smell. 

Ship Carpenters are come great store 

to doe our Countrey good 
For which no Countrey can compare 

to equall us for wood 
A blockhouse on the riever side 

is making very strong 
That we shall never neede to feare 

our fbraiiie foes ere long. 

Foure thousand gallant English hearts 

Virginia overspreds 
The worst of which I thiidce will not 

for washing give tliere heads 
Both Armes and Ammunition store 

and cattaile we have plenty 
With foule and fish and many things 

that are in England dainty. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 153 

The CoUony compelled is 

to speake in Pountes praise 
Vice Adinirall from Enjjland here 

whose worth his fame shall raise 
But last of all that Lady faire 

that woman worth ronowne 
That left her Countrey and her friends 

to grace brave James his Towne. 

The wife unto our Governour' 

did safely here arive 
With many gallants following her 

whom God preserve alive 
What man would stay when Ladies gay 

both lives and fortunes leaves 
To taste what we have truly fowne 

truth never man deceaves. 

Thus wishing God will turne the mindes 

of many for to come 
And not to live like dormise still 

continuall keeping home 
Who ever sees Virginia 

this shall he surely find 
What fit fo) men and more and than 

a Country man most kind. 



Finis. 



Printed at London for John Trundle. 



While the Commission appointed to examine the affairs 
of the Compiiny were at work, Capt, John Bargrave of 
20 



154 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Patricksbourne, Kent, a brother of Doctor Bargrave, 
Dean of Canterbury, and the first person who had estab- 
lished a private plantation in Virginia, addressed the 
following communication to Middlesex, the Lord Treasurer 
of England. 



Letter of Jous Bargkave to Lord Treasueee. 

" Eight No"^ After 10 yeares service in the warres in the 
summer tyme and at my study in the wynter whereby in 
some measure I informed ray Judgment in publique buisi- 
nesse and 7 yeares since now latelie spent in observing the 
abuses of the Virginia Company and studdying the meanes 
to rectifie them, being forced and necessitated to be an 
earnest follower and studdyer of the same by losse of my 
Estate I may now claime to my selfe the right of being 
Maister in that art. Challenging all others that shall 
oppose what I write and makeing it good that it is impossi- 
ble for any one (that shall newly enter into the buisinesse) 
to be able to setle this Plantacon, I will take this proposi- 
con for the ground of my maister peece and prove by right 
reason (w'='^ Plato saith is the ground of pollicie) That 
honors, liberties and freedomes togeather w"" returne of 
profit, ordered to the working of our pollitique Ends, 
would plant Virginia and worke those eflfectes wee all 
aimed at 

" From this ground I raise theis 6 heades 
" 1. First I undertake to show the meanes to draw a 
sufficient noraber of men that have good Estates here to 
plant in Virginia w*"" their persons & goodes and to cause 
the Planters in Virginia to plant Estates in England. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 155 

"2. Secondlie so to seaver and divide the facultyes of 
soveraintie and the Coniand of the forces amongst those 
men so estated that they shall never meete united in 
power, but to advance our politique end of holding the 
Plantacon to of England. 

" 3. Thirdlie by making use of the naturall strength and 
largcnes of y° place so to marshall those men as they shall 
not onelie make the Plantacon to spread and growe to 
find out the best Comodities and inlarire the Kinares 
dominions but they shall secure it both from forraine 
Enimies and inable it to give lawes to the domesticke 
Indians. 

"4. Fourthly the imploying of those men there to make 
the best & suddainest returnes hither. 

" 5. Fiftly the manageing and ordering those returnes so 
as they shall not onely supply and mantayne the Planta- 
con w"' apparrell and necessaries but it shall make a 
publique stocke and Treasure that should increase as the 
Plantacon increaseth. 

" 6. Sixtlie and lastlie the dooeing of all theis thinges by 
way of right and interest to the mantenance of Justice 
and peace and to the Hono"' of God our King and State. 

" All theis quallityes being treated of in five severall 
Treatises are lastlie composed into one forme w"* may 
aptlie be tearmed a militarie Intendencie by Tribe, it 
being a way not onelie to plant Garrisons without pay but 
each Garrison bringing w"" it a certaiue Revenew to the 
Crowne it shall tie Virginia as fast to England as if it 
were one Terra firing w"" it. 



156 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

" The hintes of it I had from Charles the 5th and if he 
himselfe or King Philip his sonne had used the like policie 
in the West Indyes, Low Countries, Millaine, Naples and 
the rest of his Provinces to mantayne his Soverainitye 
there, he had not spent so many Millions to keepe 
Garrisons as he hath done neither would his Provinces be 
so readie to fliU from him as now they wilbe if his Plate 
fleet should faile him. 

" When I shall see the Corapanie incouraged and the 
Comibsion goe forward so as the delinquents being knowne 
to ther King from honest men a stocke may be gayned 
out of th' abuses of the Government and that this forme 
be setled I doubt not but to procure 8 or 10 Gentlemen 
that shall have 7 or 8,000^ Anii revenew to goe as Com- 
missioners into Virginia to setle it and to be the heades 
of the first Colloneyes and all they shall demand of his 
Ma'^ is that he will grant them tlie wardshipp of their 
heyres if they shall dye in the service now at their first 
goeing. And if his Ma*^ will but grant me releife out of 
the Imployment of the, said stocke, I will undertake on 
payne of my life that what is wanting to performe the 
buisines the Planter shall supplie and when this is done I 
may glory in the worke and bragg that I have helped the 
state to meanes, shewed them the way and helped them 
with instrumentes to conquer and keepe in subjeccon to 
England a State that may grow to be as great an Empire 
as the King of Spaynes, the distance of place no way 
hindering it to the bono"' and inriching of our King and 
State and to the releife of thousandes of poore people. 

'•' I ever said and so I exprest myselfe in my Articles two 
yeares since at the Councell boord that if the buisnes w"* 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 157 

the Company were not tenderlie handled 'till this publique 
stocke was gayned and this forme were framed and setled 
by the Company we should beginne at the wrong end and 
it would hinder the worke this takeing away of the 
Patent being a device of the delinquentes (like some other 
they have formerlie used) hath so madd^^d the Company 
that whereas there is 80 Articles put in against the former 
Governo'''', 15 of them being against the Accomptes and 
but 3 examined, they let all goe now at six and seaven and 
will medle no further and that there cannot be a more 
pleasing thing to the delinquentes any one may see it by 
some of their earnest following it. For my part I never 
durst seeke to take away the populer Government here 
partlie because the deliverie up of Patents doth weaken 
the Confidence that Patentees should have in them and 
the Patent now granted being to the Company consisting 
of the Adventurer and Planter and the Govern' bein? 
now in the Company here if tlie Company will by con- 
senting to the forme transferre the Govern' to the 
Planter (to whom of right it belonges) there is necessitie 
that the Patent must be delivered, partlie because there 
must by necessitie be such correspondencie betweene the 
Planter in Virginia and the Adventurer here that the 
Planter must make noe lawes to bind the Estates of the 
Adventurer but he must consent to it either by himself or 
some other for otherwise no man will adventure partly 
because the consent of all the parties interested to the 
forme will make it the more firme and perpetuall partlie 
because all changes of government should be insensible 
gentlie & easie Partlie because this consent by voices doth 
make many adventure that otherwise would not Partly 



158 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

because I made a. doubt whether the King would take 
the name of the Plantacon as a worke of his owne till he 
saw it was able to subsist and defend it selfe against 
forreyne and domesticke power Partly because under the 
name of the publique (w'^'^ is the Kinges in right of his 
Soveraintie) all the benifit of the publique landes & 
servantes will returne unto him though he be no more 
scene in the buisines then formerlie he hath beene. Lastlie 
the Plantacon being divided into petty Collonyes of 300 
in each one of them, if those Collonies shall nominate 3 
Adventurers here, two of them to be their Agentes to doe 
their buisines as the Comittees doe now and the third to 
preconsult and make Contractes for the Planter w"" the 
King or Company the whole classis of those Preconsulters 
haveing a negative voice, theis will prevent all wrong 
done to the Plantacon and there will nothing remayne but 
the very name of the Company. 

" The Company feare that this takeingaway the Patent 
before the abuses were examined was hatched at Alderman 
Johnson's house at Bowe at the Kinges being there that 
the King is now prest to it by Sir Thomas Smithes freindes 
of the Bedchamber and all is done to conceale the falshood 
of his accomptes and the grosenes of their Governm' from 
his Ma'"" knowledge. They feare likewise that S'' Thomas 
Smith, S'' SamueU ArgoU and Alderman Johnson standing 
cleare in the Kinges eyes and the Govern' being framed 
that they may doe w"* the Planter and Adventurer what 
they list all their priviledges and rightes being taken from 
them they wilbe made their Governors who have beene 
the principall abusers of them and this that side bragge 
of Some of the Com" also answearing Peticoners that it is 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 159 

to no purpose for them to medle any further being the 
King hath decharcd himselfe to take away the Govern' from 
the "company and to put it into the liandes of twelve 
Councellors that may right their cause. 

" The way to right all wilbe the setling forward of the 
Comission the forceing the Company to make good their 
complaintes the nomynating a Comittee from the board or 
otherwise to examine and approve of the forme of govern' 
that shalbe tendered to the Company and when they shall 
see that justice is done this stocke is like to be gayned and 
that this forme of governra' w'='' the King and State doth 
presse on them is no such Bulbegger as they need to be 
afraid of but framed according to right tending to the 
good of all parties interested for the Companies ease and 
to take away the blame from them. If anything miscarrie 
for want of Government the order of the forme placeing 
the same men in the Governm' w'" they themselves would 
choose if the Govern' should remayne in their handes and 
they being by the said forme to have their Adventures 
secured to them by the whole CoUonyes wherein they 
shall adventure and that this is all the hurt that is 
intended to them I make noe doubt but the States and 
the Companies endes meeting in one and the same thing 
they will imbraceitand the buisines will goe well forward. 

" I know (my good Lord) that in cases of necessitie all 
States and Statesmen instead of following straight wayes 
to com passe their endes are forced to follow more oblique 
and crooked the greatnes of the future good recompenceth 
the present ill So Lycurgus although his PoUicie was all 
aristocraticall so just as for it he was (of the Oracle) 



160 VIRGINIA VETUHTA. 

tearmed beloved of the godes yet notwithstandinge he 
being necessitated to set up his govern' by Conspiracie and 
force he was likewise compelled to choose all his first 
Councell out of Conspirators by this rule of necessitie 
Romulus (as Livie saith imitating other founders of Comon- 
wealthes) to draw people to his new built Cittie erected 
an Assihim or Sanctuary for Outlawes men indebted and 
discontented persons Junius Brutus likewise in the des- 
perate case of the Citie of Rome after the battell of Canne 
was forced for want of men to set at liberty all the 
prisoners indebted and to discharge their debtes on condi- 
con that they would serve the State although in theia 
examples wee in our necessitie may intreate Connivencie 
and helpe for some industrious Gentlemen indebted and 
decaying in their Estates by whose Industrie the States 
turne may be served and their falling houses releived. 
This pollicy no question is tolerable and fitt but that theis 
delinquentes seeing their leaudnes like to be discovered 
should meet the storme in the face and to avoid the 
obloquie of their offences should be sufired to compound 
under hand and under a color of their love to the Plaa- 
tacon and a desire to see the mannageing of it, by conceal- 
ing their wronges done should thrust all the disgrace from 
themselves upon others it being a most sure rule that 
nothing makes a State more florish then a due adminis- 
tracon of rewardes and punishmentes, this must needes be 
by the rule of state intollerable and the more intollerable 
because the State at this tyme both here and in Virginia, 
longes for examples in this kind. The limitacon of the 
soveraigne faculties amongst the Councell and Magistrates 
in Virginia, wholy consisting in the severe punishment of 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 161 

all incroachment upon soveraigne power further then the 
forme giveth leave they therefore that shall robb the 
Comonwealth of this example shall robb it of it life. 
Whereas therefore the foresaid delinquentes takeing ad- 
vantage on his Ma'°' direccdn against such as did not 
make good theis Complaintes that they shall sufier the 
same punishm' that the delinquentes should yf their 
Complantes prove not true did thereupon by the Kinges 
direccun cause the Complaintes in the name of tlie Com- 
panie to cease because such punishment could not be 
inflicted upon the Companie as might upon private persons 
whereby they did for a long time hinder the buisines 
before proceedings of the Cour'' till such time as the boord 
did order it, tliat against such delinquentes as wore instru- 
mentes of the Company they might complaine (it being but 
a device like this of takeing away the Patent) to hinder 
the proceedinges of the Complaintes. If therefore his Ma"° 
will suffer a bill to lie drawne in my name (I inakeing 
choice of the Companies Articles and proofes that slialbe 
laid in the said bill and will continew my protecon 
and give unto me the 4th part of what shalbe recovered 
to recompense my losse, I will undertake skinne for 
skinne that nothing shalbe laid against them but shalbe 
proved And if the other partie will doe the like against 
S' Edwyn Sandys or any others of the Companie the 
buisines wilbe by this meancs fully censured so prayeing 
for yo' LoPP* increase of bono'' I rest 

" Yo-- Lo^P' to comand 

" John Bargrave." 

In April, 1624, the Company determined to bring their 
troubles, to the notice of the House of Commons, but the 
21 



162 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

King hearing that a petition had been presented, wrote the 
following ■} 

" Whereas wee have taken notice that some of the 
Virginia Compagnie have present a Petition to our House 
of Commons, and doubting it might occasion the repetition 
and renewing of those Discords and Contentions which 
have been amongst them, and which b}^ our great care, 
and the Directions of our Counsell are in good way to be 
composed. Wee do signify to our House of Commons : 
that wee hold it very unfitt for the Parliam' to trouble 
themselves with those Matters, which can produce nothing, 
but a further increase [of] Schisme and Faction, and dis- 
turbe the happy and peacea'''" proceeding of the Parliam' 
which wee hope your cares (as hitherto they have done) 
shall concurr with ours to bring a good issue. As for 
these buisinesses of Virginia, and the Barmudoes, ourself 
have taken them to heart, and will make it our own 
worke to settle the quiet, and welfare of those Plantations, 
and will bee ready to do any thing that may bee for the 
real benefitt and advanceni' of them. This wee tliought 
good to intimate, not out of favour, respect or mediation 
of any party, but of our own Princely love. And we 
earnestly desire to remove all occasion that might disturbe 
the peace of it, or hinder you from your more great and 
weighty occasions and assure ourself, our House of Com- 
mons will take in good part and correspond with us 
herein, as they have in all things else during this Session. 
Given at Windsor, Aprill 28, 1624." 



' Given in Lefroy's Bermudas, Vol. 1, p. 336. Seven weeks after 
this letter was presented, on June 16, the Charter of the Virginia 
Company was declared by Chief Justice Ley to be null and void. 
See History of Virginia Company, pp. 415-419. 




CHAPTER XVII. 

EFFORTS TO PROMOTE CHRISTIANITY AND EDUCATION IN 
VIRGINIA AND SOMERS ISLANDS. 

Rev. Robert Hunt. 

ITU the first expedition under Newport, which 
left the Thames, in 1606, sailed the Rev. Robert 
Hunt, as a spiritual guide and teacher of the 
Colonists. He had lived in Kent, but nothing 
is certainly know of his antecedents. During the winter 
of 1607-8, his library was destroyed by fire at Jamestown, 
before the summer of 1609, he had died. Captain John 
Smith alludes to him as one who by his conduct exhibited 
love for Christ, and charity for fellow men. 




Rkv. Rkiiaki) Buck. 

The Eev. Richard Buck or Bucke, said to have been 
an Oxford student, accompanied Gates and Somers in the 
ship " Sea Venture " which went to pieces on the rocks of 
the Bermudas. He reached Jamestown, in May, 1610, 
and Rolfe in 1616 calls him " a very good preacher." In 
1619 he made the prayer at the opening of the first elect- 
ive legislative assembly of Europeans in North America. 
The time of his marriage cannot be ascertained, but about 
the year 1611, his wife had a daughter christened by the 



164 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

name of Mara, tliree years later he had a son which was 
named Gershom. and in the year 1616 his wife gave him 
another son, a child of sorrow, well called Benoni. He did 
not chuckle and laugh in childish glee, lie had a vacant 
stare, and it was soon known that he would not be able 
to measure a yard of cloth, number twenty, or rightly 
name the days of the week, and that he under the English 
Statute was a " natural fool," the first in Virginia. Still 
another son was born about 1619, and before the close of 
1624, Mr. Buck was dead. 



Poole and Glover. 

Sir Thomas Dale mentions that Mr. Poole preached on 
the afternoon of his arrival at Jamestown, which was 
Sunday, the 19tli of r-lay, 1611, and in the second expedi- 
tion of Sir Thomas Gates, which arrived in August, came 
Glover, " an approved preacher in Bedford and Hunting- 
donshire, a graduate of Cambridge, reverenced and re- 
spected," one who was in easy circumstances and advanced 
in years. He lived but a short time after his arrival. 



Alexander Whitaker. 

Alexander Whitaker also in 1611, arrived with Gates. 
The son of the distinguished head of Saint John's College, 
Cambridge, he believed with his father, that " he is a 
perfect minister who has learned the scriptural doctrine, 
and explained it to the people; and that, is a true and 
perfect church which receives and cherishes such doctrine." 
He discarded the surplice and wrote to England : " Every 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 165 

Sabbath day we preach in the forenoon and catechize in 
the afternoon. Every Saturday, at night, I exercise in 
Sir Thomas Dale's house. Our church affairs be consulted 
on by the Minister, and four of the most religious men." 
Kolfe mentions him in 16.16 "as a good divine" at 
Bermuda Hundred. The painting in the rotunda of the 
Capitol represents Whitaker in a surplice, and in other 
respects, is .at variance with the truth of history. In 
a letter^ to Cra.shaw, Preacher of the Temple, dated 
Jamestown, August 9, 1611, Whitaker* wrote: 

" I should more admire Virginia w'th the Inhabitants 
yf I did not remember that EciPTwas exceed ingefruitfull, 
that Canaan flowed with milke and hony before Israel 
did overrunne it, and that Sodom was like the garden of 
God in the dayes of Lott. Only I thinke that the Lord 
hath spared this people and inriched the bowells of the 
country with the riches and bewty of nature that we 
wantinge them might in the search of thorn Comunicate 
the most excellent m'chandize and treasure of the Gospell 
w'th them. God hath heretofore most horribly plagued 
our Contrimen w'th famine, death the sword, &c., for the 
sins of our men were intoUerable. I marvell more that 



' Communicated to llie Jiic/tmo7id Standard February 4, 1882, by 
G. D. Scull, Esq., Oxford, England. 

' Whitaker was the cousin of the Rev. William Gouge, the re- 
spected minister of IJlack Friars, London. A Rev. William Gough 
or Gouge died at Jamestown, Va., in 1683 and is supposed to have 
been a relative of Ale.xander Whitaker. The daughter of this Rev. 
Mr. Gough married a John Whitaker ; and a correspondent of the 
Richmond Standard in October, 1880, mentions that the tombstone 
of John is still standing near Jamestown. 



166 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

God did not sweepe tliem away all att once, then that he 
did in such manner punishe them. Yet he in the midest 
of his anger remembered mercy, and mindeinge nowe (as 
we hope) to fulfill his purpose and sett up the kingdome 
of his Sonne on their p'ts most miraculously w'th stood 
many times the purposes of our men whoe were retourn- 
inge home, and now agine w'th farre more successive 
p'ceedings and better hopes doth preserve us here. As 
for me God hath dealt mercifully w'th me beyond my 
friends' opinion and my owne hopes. My coming hither 
was p's'pous and my Continuance here hath been Answera- 
ble I thinke I have fared better for yo'r prayers and the 
rest. Yf there be any young godly and learned Ministers 
whom the Church of England hath not orrefuseth to sett 
a worke send them thither. Our harvest is forward and 
great for want of such jounge men are fittest for this 
Country, and we have noe need either of ceremonies or 
bad livers. Discretion and learninge, zeale w'th knowl- 
edge would doo much good. I have much more to write, 
but nowe can noe more, besides my prayers to God for 
a blessinge on our laboures ffiirewell yo'r lovinge friend." 

Before June, 1617, Whitaker was drowned, 

WlU.IAM WlCKHAM. 

William Wickham, without Episcopal ordination took 
his place at Henrico, and Rolfe in 1616, writes: "Mr. 
Wra. Wickham minister there who in his life and doctrine 
gives good examples, and godly instructions to the people." 
On the 9th of June, 1617, Governor Argall requests Sir 
Dudley Digges to obtain from the Arcli bishop a permit 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 167 

for Mr. Wickhain to administer tlie sacrament as there 
was no other person, and the next March he desired 
" ordination for M'' Wickham and M'' Macock a Cam- 
bridge scholar, also a person to read to M' Wickham, his 
eyes being weak." 

William Mease. 

Another minister, William Mease, came about 1611 to 
Virginia, was in charge in 1G16 at Hampton, remained 
ten years, and in 1G23 was in England. 

College fou Indian Youth. 

In the year 1617, James the First addressed the follow- 
ing letter to his Archbishop. 

" Most Reuerend Father in God, right trustie and well 
beloved Counsellor, Wee greete you well. 

" You haue heard ere this time of y*' attempt of diuerse 
Worthie men, our Subjects to plant in Virginia (under 
y^ warrant of our L'res patents) People of this Kingdom, 
as well as for y" enlarging of our Dominions, as for propa- 
gation of y" Go.spell amongst Infidells : wherein there is 
good ])rogres.se made, and hope of further increase ; so as 
the undertakers of that Plantation are now in hand w"' 
the erecting of some Churches and Schooles for y^ educa- 
tion ofy® children of those Barbarians w'ch cannot but be 
to them a very great charge, and aboue the expence w"*" 
for the civil plantation doth come to them. In w*^"* wee 
doubt not but that you and all others who wish well to 
the encrease of Christian Religion will be willing to give 
all assistance and furtherance you may, and therein to 



168 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

make experience of the zeal and deuotion of our well 
minded Subjects, especially those of y'^ Clergie. Where 
fore Wee doe require you and hereby authorize you to 
write y'"' Letters to y" several 1 Bishops of y^ Dioceses in y""^ 
Province, that they doe giue order to the Ministers and 
other zealous men of their Dioceses, both by their owne 
example in contribution, and by exhortation to others, to 
move our people within their seuerall charges to contribute 
to so good a Worke in as liberall a manner as they may 
for the better aduancing whereof our pleasure is that those 
Collections be made in the particular parishes four seuerall 
t3mies within these two yeai's next coming : and that the 
seuerall accounts of each parish together w"* the moneys 
collected, be retourued from time to time to y*^ Bishop of 
y® Dioceses, and by them be transmitted half yearly to 
you ; and so to be deliuered to the Treasurer of that 
Plantation to be employed for the Godly purposes intended 
and no other." 

Sir Edwin Sandys, the Treasurer of the Virginia Com- 
pany, on May 26, 1619, made a report as to the result of 
the above order.^ 

Legacy of Widow Mary Robinson. 

The Church of St. Olave, Hart Street, is one of the few 
churches in London, that escaped the great fire more than 
two hundred years ago. Among its respected parishioners 
in 1618 was a rich widow, who lived on Mark Lane in the 
vicinity, named Mary Robinson. Her first husband, John 



For report see History of Virginia Company, pp. 146-150. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 169 

Wanton, a Searcher of the Customs on the 15th of August, 
1592, was buried at St. Olaves, and in less than a year 
after his death, on the 26tli of February, 1592-3, she 
married the Chief Searcher of Customs, John Robinson, 
whose name appears in tlie first Charter of the Virginia 
Company, who was also buried on December 13, 1609 at 
St. Olaves. The widow on October 13, 1618, was buried 
with the remains of her husbands, and in her will, were 
numerous charitable bequests, one of which, is in these 
words : " I give and bequeth towardes the helpe of the 
poore people in Virginia, towardes the buildinge of a 
Churche, and reducinge them to the knowledge of God's 
worde, the some of two hundred poundes to be bestowed 
at the discreacon of my cozen Sir John Wolstenholme, 
Knight with th'advise and consulte of four others of the 
chiefest of Virginia Company, within two yeares nexte 
after my decease." 

On the 18th of November, 1618, the Company ordered 
that preparation be made for the college for the children 
of the infidel Indians, and ten thousand acres at Henrico, 
were set apart for the endowment of the institution.^ 

Governor Yeardley, in 1619, reported that he found in 
Virginia three ministers in orders, and two without, and 
that at Henrico was " a poor ruinated church ;" and a 
church of wood twenty by fifty feet in size, built at the 
expense of the people, at Jamestown. 



' Notices of the proposed college may be found in History of 
Virginia Company, pp. 1.37, 139, 152, 184, 329, etc. 

22 



170 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Report on Projected College. 

The Committee on the College, consisting of Sir Dudley 
Digges, Sir John Danvers, Sir Nathaniel Rich, vSir John 
Wolstenholme, Mr. Deputy Fcrrar, Mr. Dr. Anthony, and 
Mr. Dr. Gulson, on the 24th of Juno, 1619, "delivered over 
their proceedings which the Court allowed, being this that 
followeth. 

" On June the 24th the committee by the last court 
appointed for the college having met, as they were desired, 
delivered over their proceedings, which the court allowed, 
being this that followeth : 

" A note of what kind of men and most fit to be sent 
to Virginia in the next intended voyage of transporting 
one hundred men. 

" A minister to be entertained at the j'early allowance 
of forty pounds, and to have fifty acres of land for him 
and his forever ; to be allowed his transportation and his 
man's at the company's charge, and ten pounds to furnish 
himself withall. 

" A captain thought tit, to be considered of, to take 
charge of such people as are to be planted on the college 

land. 

" All the people at this first sending, except some soon 
to be sent as well for planting the college and public land, 
to be single men, unmarried. 

" A warrant to be made and directed to Sir Thomas 
Smith for the payment of the collection money to Sir 
Edwin Sandys, treasurer, and that Dr. Gulstone shall be 
entreated to present unto my Lord Primate of Canterbury 



VIRGINIA VETUHTA. 171 

such letters to be signed for the speedy paying of the 
moneys from every diocese which yet remain unpaid. 

" The several sorts of tradesmen and others for the 
college land : smiths, carpenters, bricklayers, turners, 
potters, husbandmen, brickmakers. 

" And whereas, according to the standing order, seven 
were chosen by the court to be of the committee for the 
college, the said order allowing no more, and, inasmuch as 
Mr. John Wroth came in error to be left out, he is there- 
fore now desired to be an assistant with them, and to give 
them meeting at such time and place as is agreed of." 

Legacy of Five Hundred Pounds. 

At a meeting of the Company on the 2d of February, 
1619-20, it was announced that an unknown person was 
willing to give Five Hundred pounds for the Christian 
education of young Indians, and a special committee, of 
which Lord Paget was the head, was appointed to consider 
the matter. 

On this same day a patent^ was granted to John Peirce 
and his associates to transport certain persons, the 



' Tlie members present when Peirce's patent was ratified, were 

Williani, Earl of Pembroke Mr. Thomas Gibbs 
lltnry, Earl of Southampton " Samuel Wrote 

Robert, Earl of Warwick Capt. Bargrave 
James, Viscount Doncaster " Rogers 

Lord Cavendish " Bamfield 

Lord Pagett " Knightley 

Sir P^dwin Sandys, Kt. and Treas. " James Swifte 
" Thomas Roe " Uaniforde 

" Dudley Digges '' Wheatley 



172 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Puritans of Leydon, to Virginia, and it was proposed by 
Sir John Wolstenliolme that John Peirce and associates 
" might have the training and bringing up of some of these 
children." The Coraniittee thought it inexpedient and so 
reported on the 16th of February, for Peirces' party, to 
use their language, " intend not to go this two or three 
months^ and then after their arrival will be long in 
settling themselves." 

George Keith. 
George Ketli or Keith in 1617, when thirty-three years 
of age, arrived in Virginia from Bermudas, where he had 
been the first minister, and brought with him in the ship 
" George" his wife, and son John aged six years. 

Thomas Baegeave. 

Thomas Bargrave, the nephew of Dr. Bargrave the 
Dean of Canterbury, and of Capt. John Bargrave, with a 

Sir Thomas Gates Capt. Berblock 

" Jobu Dnnveis " Briggs 

" Heury RumflEoide " Cramer 

" Nathaniel Rich " Edwards 

" John Wolstenholme " Couell 

" Henry Jones " Woodall 

" Thomas Wrotli " Carswell 

Dr. Anthony " Swiuhow 

" Gulston " .Aloore 

" Winston " Roberts 

" Bohune " Sparrow- 
Mr. Jolin Wroth " Mellinger 

" Ferrar, Deputy and others. 

' The " May Flower " under Peirce's patent in 1620 left England. 
On February 2, 1619-20, the Company ordered that the leaders of 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 173 

Mr. Ward, in 1619, established the lirst private plantation 
in Virginia, on the south side of James River, and called 
Ward's Plantation. This minister died in 1621, and left 
his library, valued at about seventy pounds, to the pro- 
jected college for Indians, at Henrico. 

Davu) Sandis. 

David Sands or Sandys came in 1620, in the ship 
" Bona Ventura," and first dwelt at John Utie's plantation 
at Hog Island. In July, 1624, he petitioned for relief 
from calumny derogatory to his profession. Early in 
1625 he was at the plantation of Captain Samuel Matthews 
within tlie precincts of James City. He may have been 
the David, to whom his kinsman. Archbishop Sandys, 
bequeathed a small legacy. 

JoN'AS Stockton. 

In the ship " Bona Nova," which arrived in January, 
1621, came Jonas Stockton, then about thirty-five years of 
age. For a time he preached at Henrico, but in the 
census of January, 1625, he is registered at Elizabeth City, 
and a Timothy Stockton then fourteen years of age. 

Robert Paulett. 

The same day a patent was granted to John Peirce to 
transport the colonists from Leyden, William Tracy, 

particular plantations, with their tenants and servants, should have 
liberty to make orders, ordinances and constitutions for the better 
ordering and directing of their servants and business, provided 
they were not in conflict with the laws of England. Some months 
afterwards, in the cabin of the l[ay Flower, in accordance with 
this order, a body politic was formed — See History of Virginia 
Company, page 129. 



174 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Esquire, father-in-law of Capt. Nathaniel Powell, and 
associates were authoi'ized to transport people to Virginia. 
The Tracy Company hired a ship of Mr. Williams of 
Bristol, of which Tobias Felgate was pilot. It sailed in 
March, 1620, and among the passengers was George 
Thorpe, who had been a gentleman of the King's Privy 
Chamber, and was appointed Deputy Governor of the 
college lands. Tracy left England on the 18th of the 
next September, and among those who settled with Tracy 
was the Kev. Robert Paulet or Pawlett, who came out in 
the three-fold capacity of preacher, physician and surgeon. 
The London Company chose him as one of the councillors 
under Governor Wyatt in 1621, but he did not accept 
the office because the adventurers of Martin's Hundred felt 
that their business required his presence continually. 

Hawte Wyatt. 

In the ship " George," in October, 1621, Hawte Wyatt 
whose maternal grandfather was Sir William Hawte, 
arrived with his brother, the new Governor. He remained 
about three years, and upon his return to England showed 
some Puritan sympathy. On the 3d of October 1632 he 
became Vicar of Bexly, Kent, the seat of his ancestors and 
on July 31, 1638, died. 

Francis Bolton. 

Francis Bolton also came with Governor Wyatt and first 
was at Elizabeth City, but in 1623 he was the minister of 
the plantation on the eastern shore ol the Chesapeake 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 175 

Bay. After Wyatt he appears to have been the minister 
at Jamestown. Thomas Warnett, a merchant of that 
phice. in his will dated February 13, 1629-30, gives to 
" M' Francis Boulton, Minister, one firkin of butter, one 
bushel of white salt, six pounds of candles, one pound of 
pepper, one pound of ginger, two bushels of meal, one 
rundlett of ink, six quires of writing paper, and one pair 
of silk stockings."' 

William Bkn'xp;tt. 

In the ship "Sea Flower" in 1621, arrived William 
Bennett, who preached at the plantation settled under the 
auspices of Edward Bennett, a London merchant, in the 
Warosquoyak district on the lower side of James River. 
There is a warrant, on record, dated November 20th, 
1623, relative to collecting the salary of William Bennett 
for two years. His wife came in the " Abisrail " in July, 
1622, and in 1624 he died. Catharine the widow, was in 
January, 1624—5, twenty four years old, and with William 
an infant but three weeks of age, was residing at Shirley. 

Thomas White. 

In December, 1621, Thomas White arrived in the ship 
" Warwick." Governor Wyatt the next month writes to 
the London Company: "The information given you of 
the want of worthy ministers here is very true, and there- 
fore we must give you great thanks for sending out Mr. 

' Genealogical gleanings of H. F. Waters. — N. E. Hist. Gen. 
Register, April, 1884. 



176 VIRGINIA VI:TUSTA. 

Thomas White. It is our earnest request that 3^ou would 
be pleased to send us out many more learned and sincere 
ministers of which there is so great want in so many parts 
of the country." 

William Leate. 

Humphrey Slaney, one of the prominent members of the 
Company, informed them that Mr. Leate a man of 
" civil and good carriage " formerly a preacher in New 
Foundland was desirous to go to Virginia, and would put 
the Company to no charge except for necessaries, and 
such liooks as should be useful to him. A committee con- 
ferred with him and asked him to preach at St. Sythe's 
Church on the second verse of the 9th chapter of Isaiah, 
which he did to their acceptance, and he afterwards sailed 
for Virginia On the 10th of July, 1622, the Company 
wrote: "We send over Mr. William Leate a minister 
recommended unto us for sufficiency of learning and 
integrity of life." In less than six months he died and 
Governor Wyatt replied " The little experience we have 
of M'' Leate made good your commendations of him and 
his death to us very grievous." 

Greville Poolet. 

Greville Pooley arrived in the " James," in 1622, and 
re.sided at FleurDieu Hundred, on the south side of James 
River, adjoining Jordan's plantation. Samuel Jordan, a 
few months after Pooley's arrival died, and the burial 
service was read by this minister. Jordan's widow Cecily 
or Cecilia, was about twenty-three years of age, and had 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 177 

two daughters, one two years old, and the other a mere 
infant. 

A few days after the funeral. Pooley courted the widow, 
and was encouraged. But at a later period William 
Ferrar, who left London with Lord Delaware in 1618, in 
the "Neptune," another neighbor and brother of the 
Deputy Governor of the London Company, proposed and 
was accepted. Pooley complained to the Governor and 
Council in Virginia, and his complaint was referred to the 
Company in London. In the Transactions of the Com- 
pany under date of April 21, 1624, is the f.llowing ; 
" Papers were read, whereof one containing certain exam- 
inations touching a difference between M^ Pooley and M" 
Jordan referred unto the Company here for answer, and 
the Court requested D^ Samuel Purchas, the divine, and 
historian, to confer with some civilians, and advise what 
answer was fit to be returned in such a case." 

In January, 1625, a muster of the inhabitants of Jordan's 
Journey was taken, and is called the " Muster of M' 
William Ferrar and >P Jordan," and at the same time 
Pooley was living at Piersey's Hundred, and had two in- 
dentured servants. 

A few months later, the Governor of Virginia issued 
the following order : " Whereas to the great contempt of 
the Majesty of God, and ill example to others, certain- 
women within this Colony have of late contrary to the 
laws ecclesiastical of the realm of England, contracted 
themselves to two several men, at one time, whereby much 
trouble doth grow between parties, and the Governor and 
Council of State much disquieted. To prevent the like 
offense to others hereafter, it is by the Governor and 
23 



178 VIRGINIA VETUBTA. 

Council ordered in Court, that every minister give notice 
in his church to his parishioners, that what man or woman 
soever shall use any words or speech tending to the contract 
of marriage, though not right and legal, yet may so en- 
tangle and breed struggle in their consciences, shall for 
the third offense undergo either corporal punishment, or 
other punishment, by fine or otherwise, according to the 
guilt of the person so offending." 

A Rev. Mr. Pooley and family were massacred by the 
Indians in 1629^ and perhaps, it was Greville who may 
have found another woman to love. 



Free School fob E mulish Youth projected. 

Patrick Copland or Copeland, with a zeal like the 
accomplished Henry Martyns', a century and a half later, 
in the days of King James, was interested in the propaga- 
tion of Christianity in India, Persia, and China. As early 
as 1613 he was a preacher of the East India Company, 
and the next year returned to England with a lad whom 
he had taught by signs " to speak, to read and write the 
English tongue and hand, both Roman and Secretary 
within less than the space of a year." On the 22d of 
December, 1616, his pupil " as the first fruits of India" 
was publicly baptized in St. Dennis's Church, Fenchurch 
Street, London. Early in 1617, Copland sailed for India 
as Chaplain of the " Royal James " whose commander 



' I^etter of Joseph Mede to Sir Martin Stuteville. — Court in Times 
of Charles the First. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 179 

was Martin Pring, who had explored the north Atlantic 
coast of America. While sailing with the East India iieet 
he became acquainted with Capt. Newport and Sir Thomas 
Dale who were in coraand of vessels cruising in the Bay of 
Bengal and Cliinese Sea, and through them became inter- 
ested in the Virginia Colony. 

While in 1621, the " Royal James " was returning to 
England, he took up a collection of more than seventy 
pounds', for Virginia, and when the vessel anchored in the 
Thames, in September, he notified the London Company, 
and in appreciation of his thoughtfulness, he was made a 
free brother. The Company decided to establish an 
English Free School at Charles City to be called the East 
India School, and to be dependent upon the projected 
college at Henrico. 

In April, 1622, Copland preached before the Virginia 
Company, and the next June, Leonard Hudson, a carpen- 
ter, with his wife and five apprentices sailed from England 
to erect the school building at Charles City. On July 3, 
1622, the Company also gave a receipt for £17, 16s, which 
the gentlemen mariners of the East India Company had 
given toward laying the foundation of a church in 
Virginia. 



' The following publication was issued : 

" A Declaration how the monies, viz : £70, .98. dH, were disposed 
which was gatlieied, (by M' Patrick Copland, preacher in the 
Royal James,) at the Cape of Good Hope, (towai-ds the building of 
a free school in Virginia) of the gentlemen and mariners in said 
ship, a list of whose names are under specified. London. Felix 
Kynston. 1622." 4to. 7 pages. 



180 VIROINIA VETUSTA. 

At this time, Copland was elected Rector of the intended 
college at Henrico, but a few days after, the horrible news 
arrived that Thorpe of the College lands, and half of the 
best men of the Colony had been slaughtered by the 
Indians, and the project was suspended. 

The East India Company however, for some time con- 
tinued to show an interest in the East India School which 
was to be in Virginia. Upon the request of John Ferrar, 
late in 1623, a collection was taken up for the Virginia 
School at the factories of the East India Company, and 
aboard their ships. In March, 1621, action was taken for 
the payment of £20 collected on one of their ships for the 
school. On the 80th of July, a few weeks after the 
dissolution of the London Company, it was also ordered that 
all the moneys collected should be deposited until " that 
Plantation be so settled as there may be use of a school 
there." In October, Sir John Wolstenholme, in behalf of 
the King's Council for Virginia, requested that the moneys 
for the school might be paid to him for which a proper 
dischai'ge and receipt would begiven< In 1625, a teacher 
for the school was sent to Virginia, but the Governor and 
Council under date of June 15, 1625, wrote : "We should 
be ready with our utmost endeavors to assist the pious 
work of the East India free school, but we must not dis- 
semble that besides the unseasonable arrival, we thought 
the acts of Mr. CaroloflF will overbalance all his other suffi- 
ciency though exceeding good." ' 

Legacy of George Ruggle. 

George Ruggle, late Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, 
in his will dated Sept. 6, 1621, has the following item : "I 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 181 

give and bequeath one hundred pounds towards the bring- 
ing up of the infidel's children in Virginia, in Christian 
religion, which my will is, shall be disposed of by the 
Virginia Company accordingly, desiring Almighty God to 
stir up the charitable hearts of many, to be benefactors 
in this kind, principally for the increasing of the kingdom 
of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ." 

Ruo-"'le was a native of Lavenham, Suffolk, on Novem- 
ber ISj^'lSSS was baptized. In the fourteenth year of his 
age he'entered St. John's College, Cambridge, and in 1593 
obtained a scholarship at Trinity. In 1597, he received 
the degree of A.M., entered into holy orders, and the next 
year was Fellow of Clare Hall. In literature he was 
known as the writer of " Ignoramus," a comedy in which 
the pedantry of the common law forms, and obsolete 
phraseology of the lawyers, were ridiculed. It was twice 
played before King James, at the University by the 
students, and he was so pleased with the farce that he said 
" he believed the author and acts together had a design to 
make him laugh hhnselCto death." 

After Nicholas Ferrar was elected Deputy of the 
Virginia Company, Ruggle vacated his fellowship and 
became an assistant in the affairs of the Company. He 
died in November, 1622, and on the 19th of that month, 
Ferrar told the Company that Ruggle '■' was a man second 
to none in knowledge of all manner of humanity, learning, 
and so generally reputed in the University ; of singular 
honesty and integrity of life ; sincere and zealous in re- 
liction ; and of very great wisdom and understanding ; all 
which good parts he had for these last three years wholly 
almost°spent, and exercised in Virginia business, having 



182 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

(beside continually assisting his brothers and himself, 
with counsel and all manner of help.) written sundry 
treatises for the benefit of the Plantation, and in particular 
the work highly so commended hy Sir Edwin Sandys con- 
cerning the Government of Virginia, but such was his 
modesty, that he would by no means sutler it to be known 
during his life, but now being dead he could not with 
good conscience, deprive him of that honor."' 

In July, 16'21, when Francis Wyatt was appointed 
Governor of Virginia, the Company gave him " a copy of 
a treatise of the Plantation business, made by a gentleman 
of capacity, and sent to lie among the records and recom= 
mended to the Councillors to study .'"^ This treatise was 
evidently written by Ruggle. 



Edwarp -Palmer, Pkojectok of the First University and 
School of Art in North America. 

The traveller while crossing the high bridge of the 
Philadelphia and Baltimore Railroad over the Susque- 
hanaa river, beholds a few rods above, a small and quite 
picturesque isle, which upon a map engraved by Faithorne, 
the celebrated copper plate artist, was designated as 
Palmer's Island, but in modern maps is marked Watson's 
Island. 

Edward Palmer, after whom this island was named, was 
the eldest son of Giles, and grandson of John Palmer, who 
belonged to a family identified with Warwickshire from 



' History of Virginia Company, p. 363. 
>^' ' Hehnng's Statutes, Vol. 1, p. 116. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 1&3 

the time of William the Conqueror. Edward was born in 
Lemington, parish of Toddenham Gloucester, near the 
boundary line of Warwickshire. His sister Mary was the 
mother of the unfortunate poet Sir Thomas Overbury, who 
was poisoned at the instigation of the wanton wife of the 
Earl of Somerset. He married a relative, Muriel, daughter 
of Richard Palmer of Burton. Quaint Thomas Fuller 
writes : 

" Palmero Palmera nubit, sic nubilis amnis 
Auctior adjunctis nobilitatis aquis." 

During the latter part of his life, he resided in London, 
distinguished as a virtuoso. On July 3, 1622, he received 
a patent from the Virginia Company. In his will, made 
November 22. 1624, he leaves all lands and tenements 
"in Virginia and New England" to Giles mj' son and 
heirs male of his body, remainder to Edward only son of 
my brother William Palmer and his heirs male, but if all 
issue fail, then all said lands to remain "for the foundinge 
of maintenance of a Universitie, and such schooles in 
Verginia, as shall be there erected and shall be called 
Acarlemia Virginieusis et Oxoniensis and shall bee devided 
into several streets or alleyes of Twentye foot broade. 
Provided always that all such as can prove their lawful 
descent from John Palmer, Esq., of Lemington aforesaid, 
my grandfather deceased, and from my late grandmother 
his wife, being sonnes, shall be there freelye admitted and 
sh.all be brought upp in such schooles as shall be fitt for 
their age and learninge, and shall be removed from time 
to time as they shall profitt in knowledge and under- 
standinge. 



184 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

'• And further, my will is, that the schoUers of said 
Universitye for avoydinge of Idleness at their houres of 
recreation shall have two paynters, the one for oyle 
cullors, and the other for water cuUors w''"' shall bee ad- 
mitted fellowes in the same College to the end and intent 
that the said schoUers shall or may learne the arts of 
payntinge, and further, my will and mind is, that two 
grinders, the one for oyle coUours, & the other for water 
collours, and also couUers, oyle, and gumme waters shal 
be provided from tyme to tyme at the charges of the said 
College, beseeching God to add a blessing to all these 
intents." 

Fuller mentions that he was at many thousands expense 
in purchasing and preparing Palmer's Island for the object 
but was " transported to another world leaving to pos- 
terity the monument of his worthy but unfinished institu- 
tion. Wood, in Athenoi Oxonieuses, alluding to Palmer's 
collection writes, that " coming into the hands of such 
persons who understood them not, were therefore, as I 
have heard, embezzled and in a manner lost. We also 
had a curious collection of coins, and subterranean antiqui- 
ties which one also embezzled." 

The Clbbgy of Somebs Islands. 

In the first party sent by the Virginia Company to 
occupy the Bermudas was 

George Keith. 

A minister, according to Capt. John Smith, a Scotchman, 
and of professed scholarship, and the same person referred 
to on another page. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 185 

Lewis Huohes. 

The second minister was Lewis Hughes, who came 
about 1615, and was a man of a good deal of narrowness, 
but also of much zeal and force. Like many other good 
men of his age he was a believer in witchcraft. He was 
a minister in, when Bancroft was Bishop of, London. At 
that time one Mary Glover, a merchant's daughter, and 
grandchild of the Doctor Taylor who in the days of Queen 
Mary was burned at Smithfield, was said to have been 
bewitched by one Mother Jackson. Lord Chief Justice 
Anderson ordered Sir John Crooke, Recorder of London, 
to investigate the case. The maid was brought to his 
Chamber at the Temple, and then the alleged witch was 
brought in, disguised as a country market woman, covered 
with an old hat, and cloak spattered with mud. As soon 
as she arrived the girl had a spasm, and with body stiff, 
and mouth clenched, through her nostrils moaned, " Hang 
her, hang her." 

The Recorder then called for a candle and a piece of 
paper and held the burning paper to the girl's hand, but 
she did not wince ; then he took a long pin, heated it in 
the Hame of the candle, and thrust it up her nose, but she 
did not sneeze, wink, nor move her head. Hughes wha 
was present then told the Recorder that he had oftea 
prayed with the girl, and as soon as he repeated the 
passage of the Lord's Prayer " Deliver us from evil" she 
" was tost up and shaken as if a mastive dogge should 
take a little curre in his mouth, and shake him." The 
Recorder then told the witch to say the Lord's Prayer, 
but she skipped over the above words. When the witch 
24 



186 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

touched the girl she had convulsions, and the Recorder 
took the woman to Newgate, when the girl became calm, 
and went home with her mother. In less than a month 
the woman was condemned, and then the girl had terrible 
convulsions every second day. Five ministers of London, 
with some Christian friends, at length came together to 
pray for the girl. Hughes was the leader of the meeting, 
and toward the close of the day, after candle-lighting, the 
girl with a cheerful face and loud voice cried " The Com- 
forter is come, I am delivered," the very words her 
grandfather uttered at the stake. Hughes took her to 
his house at Great St. Helens which was his living, and 
there she lodged with her mother and sister for a year. 

The Recorder of London advised him to go and talk 
with Bishop Bancroft about the case. He went, but the 
Bishop was indignant at his story, and sent him to the 
Gate House, and kept him there for four months, and 
wrote a book in which he referred to Hughes and his 
associates as "Devil finders" and spoke of the women 
-who attended such meetings as a " sisternitie of imps." 

It was probably a relief to many in London, that 
Hughes was willing to go to the Bermudas. Robert Rich, 
afterward the Earl of Warwick, was his friend. Sir 
Nathaniel Rich, a kinsman of the Earl, a graduate of 
Emanuel, Cambridge, was his correspondent, and his room- 
mate at the Somers Islands, was Robert, Sir Nathaniel's 
brother. 

In a letter of May 19, 1617, Hughes writes to Sir 
Nathaniel Rich : " The ceremonies are in no request nor 
the Book of Common Prayer, I use it not at all. I have 



VIRGINIA vi:tusta. 187 

by the help of God, begun a Church Government by 
ministers and elders. I made bold to choose four elders 
from the town, publicly, by lifting up of hands, and calling 
upon God, when the Governor was out of the town, in the 
Main. At his return, it pleased God to move his heart 
to like well and to allow of that we had done, and doth 
give to the Elders all the grace and countenance that he 
can." Governor Daniel Tucker on March 10,1617-18, 
wrote to Sir Nathaniel Rich: "That he believed M'' 
Lewis [Hughes] to be an honest and religious man, but 
bent upon establishing a form of prayer according to his 
own tradition, to the exclusion of the Book of Common 
Prayer." 

Letter of Leiois Hughes, March, 1618. 

" Having (by the mercie of God) preached the doctrine 
of the sabeth and hearing some to wish they had it 
printed, I have therefore writ it, by waie of Question and 
answer as plainly as it pleased God to inable me and 
have added thereunto an exhortation to the people here, 
wherein I have made a true relation of the goodnes of 
God towardes these hopeful Hands, in hope thereby to free 
them from the evill report that goeth of them. I would 
intreat yo' worship (if I may be so bould) to reade it and 
if you think it worth printing, to give it to some printer 
that will have a care to print it I wrote it in haste and 
have noe time to peruse it as I would therefore I pray 
you, as you read it, w"" a word here and there as you see 
cause. There is one M"' Alday a printer of ray acquaint- 
ance that (as I think) wilbe glad of it. He dwelleth in 
a garden house by the brick wales as you goe from Christ 



188 VIRGINTA VETUt<TA. 

Cluinih to Smithfielii. M'' Abot of Coulmanstreet who is 
the Bishop of Canterburie his brother and one of the 
Adventurers, it may be if you speake unto hiui will get it 
licenced, he needes not trouble the Bishop but get his 
examiner to underwrite it. If he will not it may be the 
Bishop of Londons examiner will Yo' brother M' Robert 
Rich is in good health thanks be to God and foUoweth his 
businea carefully, I asked o"' Governor if the wormes or 
ratts or blasting did hurt his vines he tould me noe, there- 
fore there is hope that they will prosper well here. The 
rattes do not trouble us njuch God make us thankfuU, I 
heare noe speech of them, Remember my dutie to S"" 
Robert Rich and my Lcartie commendations to M'' IJrigges. 
God Almightie be w"* you and blesse you to his glorie. 
Amen. From the Summer Islands this 

" Yo"' Wo''ships to commaund, 

" Lkwes Hughes." 

" If the bishop or his examiner mislike of any thing that 
I have writ, let that be crost out rather tlien hinder the 
rest, I hope they will not because I have writt nothing 
but what is true. 

" Our Governo"^ is not so kinde unto yo"' brother as I 
would he were, and to speake the truth, he is too wrath- 
full and furious in his passions towardes every bodie and 
wedded to much to his owne will which doth discourage 
many and makes them wearie of dwelling here, I have 
heard men of good understanding and sober cariage say 
that they had rather beg theire bread in England than 
live here, where their lives goods and libertie doth depend 
on the will of one man that hath noe government of his 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 189 

passions. Many wish that when his time is out he may 
be called homo and an other man fearing God and of more 
mildenes chosen in his rome and he well rewarded ; fur 
(to give him his right) he hath taken great paines and 
hath put great life into this plantation. 

" John Man doth requite your brothers honest and kinde 
dealing very knavishly. 

" M' Wolverston is a great talker and will over reach a 
litle, therefore take heede how you beleeve him in every 
thing. Ther is one M"^ Needham an ancient gentleman 
come now over, who is an honest man of good und(;rstauii- 
ing, if he come to yo^ worship he will, if it please you to 
conferr w"* him, informe you of our estate fully and trulie, 
there is also one M" Inglesby a very honest man of good 
understanding unto whose report you may give credit. I 
have writ to S' Tliomas Smith concerning o'" govern'' if he 
know that 1 have writ any thing of him to you it may be 
he will thinke that I am either malicious or a busie bodie. 
1 pray God Almightie direct you all for the best whetlier 
in continuing him or chusing an other. 

'• The people here doe like well of the order that I do 
observe in the publick worship of God because (as they 
say) it is plaine and easie and some have tould me that 
they will become humble suters to the next Ministers to 
use the same and have requested me to write it w"^'' 1 have 
done and sent a coppie tiiereof unto yo' worship w*^*" I 
would iutreat you to get some godly and learned minister 
to p'nse and to cau.se it to be written faire and to send it 
backe againe by tlie next Ministers ; If they like of it I 
do purpose by the helpe of God to get it printed at my 
returne. 



190 VIRGINIA VETUHTA. 

" Get tlie doctrine of the Sabotli printed (if you can) 
before you shew the maner of o' publicke worshipping of 
God, least the Bishop have an inkling of it and so crosse 
both. I have sent to S' Robert Rich a stronge litle fish 
like a dragon w"' a crowne upon his head." 
i^Addressed) 

" To the right Wo-'shipfuU JVr Nathaniell Rich 
at the Lord Rich his house in Houlburne 
give these 

[Sbaj,.] 
* * 

N W 
* 

" From M" Lewes Hughes." 

Letter of Hiujhes, December 15, 1018. 
" Sir, 

" 1 have received yo'' loving I'res wherein I see that yo' 
care of this poore plantation is great every waye. My 
heartie praier to Alniightie God is, that it would please 
his holy Majestic so to guide me w"" his holy spirit as in 
all things I may do his will. The Elders here are weake 
men and do therefore medle w"" no body w%ut ino, neither 
do I w"" them medle w"" any that are too obstinate and 
stoute for us, of such we do informe the Governor whea 
they do amisse. One of the Elders, M' Carr, is come for 
England in this ship, an other is upon removing to M' 
Poulson's land, so that there will remaine but two, I do 
not meane to choose any more, but continue them, that 
the name of Elders may be here and so a way prepared. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 191 

for fit men to enter quietly into that holy calling. When 
the Hands are populous, a Churcli government differing 
from that in England can not be brought in but w"" much 
ado. Concerning preaching against BLsliops and the estate 
of the Cliurch of England I know that of such preaching 
may come hurt (as our estate standeth) therefore I do 
refraine from it. The booke of Common praier I do not 
refraine from using it in comtempt of it but because it is 
better for us to pray accordinge to o'' necessities rather 
then to tie ourselves to sett praiers, Here is noe meanes 
to recover myne arme w"'' was hurt w"' a fall, therefore 
I have a desire to come home for a while bef )re it grow 
past cure. Busines calleth me awa}' therefore I huniblie 
take my leave for this time, beseeching Almightie God 
to blesse you. From the Summer Hands this 15th of 
Decemb: 1618. 

" Yo'' Wo''ships to commaund 

" Lewes Hughes." 

" T have also received two good clieesesfor w"*" I harteiy 
thank you." 

{Addressed.) 

" To the right Wo"'shipfull S^ 
" Nathaniel Rich Knight 
" deliver these." 

Toward the close of the year 1620, Hughes' visited 
England. He returned to Bermudas, but did not stay, and 
going back to England became a violent non-conformist. 

' In connection with liis visit was published " A iilaine and true 
relation of the goodness of God toward the Somnier Islands, written 
by way of exhortation by Lewes Hughes, Minister of God's Word, 



192 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

Samuel Lang. 
Before August, 1619, Samuel Lang a minister, with his 
■wife arrived at Bermudas, but soon a disagreement arose 
between him and Hughes as to the forms of worsliip. 
Governor Butler wrote that Hughes was more reasonable 
than Lang. To compose differences the Governor intro- 
duced a translation of the revised Prayer Book of Jersey 
and Guernsey. In 1619, the liturgy of the Church of 
England took the place of the Geneva forms which had 
been in use, in these isles, but the sign of the cross in 
baptism, kneeling at the Lord's Supper, and wearing the 
surplice were not required. 



London. Printed by Edward All-de, dwelling neere Christs 
Church, 1021." The trealise wiis a small quarto of 24 pages. 

In 1633, for five years of non-conformity, he was dismissed from 
preaching in the jail at White Lion, Southwark, London. 

In 1640, he published " Certaine Greevances, well worthy the 
serious consideration of the liight Honorable & High Court of 
Parliament. Set forth by way of Dialogue or conference betweene 
a Countrey Gentleman, «fc a Minister of God's word for the satisfy- 
ing of those that doe clamour & maliciously revile them that labour 
to have the errors of the Booke of Common Prayer reformed. 
By Lewis Hughes, Minister of God's Word. Printed in the yeare 
1640." This contained forty pages besides the title. A reply was 
printed with this title " M. Lewes Ilewes his Dialogue answered : 
or an answer to a Dialogue or Conference betweene a Country 
Gentleman & a Minister of God's Word. Scope for the Satisfying 
of those who clamore against the said Booke, & maliciously revile 
them that are serious in the use thereof. Whereunto is annexed a 
Satisfactory Discourse concerning Episcopacy & the Surplisse. 
Published by Authority. London. Piinted for I. M. at the George 
in Fleetstreet, neere Saint Dunston's Church, 1641." 

After this in 1641, Hughes issued another edition of " Ceitaine 
Grievances " with title slightly changed, and two more pages of 
text. In 1647, there was a minister Lewis Hughes living at West- 
ham, Sussex. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 193 



Patrick Copland in Bermudas. 

Copland upon his return from the East Indies had been 
on nmst friendly terms with Sir Edwin Sandys, and 
Nicholas Ferrar, the Deputy of the Virginia Company. 
In 1G24, Ferrar was a member of Parliament, but after 
the dissolution of the Company, he retired from public 
business, to a place he had purchased at Little Gidding in 
Huntingdonshire, where he passed the remainder of his 
days in religious duties. His father, also named Nicholas, 
had bequeathed to tlu; Virginia Company, £300 for the 
College at Henrico, to be paid whenever it had ten Indian 
students. This condition after the massacre, could not be 
fulGUed and then the Company having been dissolved, the 
money was used at the Bermudas. Copland not being 
able to carry on the work of education in Virginia, deter- 
mined to go to the Bermudas. He arrived there, early in 
1626, and the Governor v/as informed that he desired to 
see " a free school erected for the bringing up of vouth in 
literature and good learning." Governor Wood wished 
" ministers were contented to preach the Gospel, and let 
the free school alone." 

Ferrar gave two shares of land in Pembroke district 
for the free .school. Copland preached in Warwick parish. 
Governor Wood mentions that he had built and disbursed 
£1.000 sterling and purchased five shares of land. Wood 
in 1634 wrote " I desyre not to see any more Scotesmen 
to bee minister or school master here, for M' Coa])land 
would have sent unto Aberdeine for a Scotesinan to haue 
been a schoolmaster, but I verily thinke his project is to 
25 




A PPENDIX 



The Virginia Lotteries. See page 89. 

For a time the Lottery scheme was abandoned, but on 
February 19, 1614 0. S., the Privy Council made the 
following minute : 

" Whereas it pleased their L'dships some moueths past 
at the humble suite of the colony of Virginia to gyve 
order for the writing of certaine letters unto the several 
Cittyes and Townes of the Kingdome inviting and per- 
swading the Inhabitants thereof to adventure in a 
certeyne Lolterye, such somes of moneye as they should 
think fitting according to the rules enclosed in the sayd 
Letters, thereby the better to enable ye sayd Corapanye 
to proceede in that plantacou of Virginia : 

'• And forasmuch as upon further consideracon it was 
commanded by the Boarde, that staye should be made of 
the sa3d Letters, until further order might be given on 
that behalfe. It was this day (upon the hum''''' suite of 
S' Thomas Smith, with the rest of the Company of 
Virginia) thought fitting, and so accordingly ordered, 
that the sayd letters should forth w'** be delivered unto 
Sir Thomas Smith, to the end they might be sent, and 
dispersed according to their several direccions." 



Z^v-* 



196 VIMGINIA VETUSTA. 

charge of James Pen and Alirahani Palmure. They 
sailed from Boston on the l^lth of 3d mo. 0. S. (Jnne) 
1650, and reached Eleuthera on the 17th of the next 
month. 

Scottow, the aged Boston merchant, in his " Narrative 
of the Masssachusetts Colony," quaintly alludes to the aid 
of the New England Puritans to their suffering brethren. 
He writes: "They served God in houses of the first 
edition, without large chambers, sealed with cedars, and 
painted with vermillion, a company of plain, pious, 
humble and open hearted Christians called Puritans. 

"When news was biought hither that the Church at 
Bermudas was banished thence, into a desolate island and 
full ol straits, forthwith they sent a vessel of good burthen 
to them fully laden with provisions oi all sorts, each 
striving who would be forwardest in so good a work, 
which supply came unto them, when as all the meat in 
their ban els, and oil in their cruise was spent and it was 
brought on the Lord's day, as their fiiithful pastor bad 
finished his exhortation from Psahn 2o, .To trust upon 
the Lord Jehovah, their Shepherd who would not suffer 
his flock to want.'' 

A committee of three was appointed to express the ap- 
preciation of the sympathy ol the Massachusetts churches, 
and they gave in return, for the benefit of Harvard College 
then in its infancy, ten tons of Brazilletto wood, "to avoid 
that foul sin of ingratitude so abhorred of God, so hateful 
to man." The vessel arrived in Boston on the 6th day 
of 6th month, bringing among others the daughter of the 
deceased minister George Stirk, to visit her brother George 



VIRGINIA VETUHTA. 197 

who had been a student of Harvard; a son of Nathaniel 
White the pastor of the Church; and Mr. Stephen Painter, 
a zealous layman, one of the original members of the 
Independent Church of Bermudas, who had been sent to 
England at the same time as Pastor White, on an accusa- 
tion of high treason, and was acquitted. 

There is evidence that Copland died before 1655, and it 
is supposed at Eleuthera. 

/ 



194 VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 

haue such a one to marry a rlai.igliter he hath, and at hia 
death to conferre his estate upon Iiim." 

In January, 1642-3, with others, Copland left the 
Church of England and formed an Independent Church, 
and delegates were sent to Parliament to secure an act for 
toleration which in Octol)er, 1645, was granted. The 
next year Caiitain Sayle, afterwards Governor of South 
Carolina, and the Rev. M"" Goulding went again as mes- 
sengers of the Inde|)en(lent Churcii to confer with Parlia- 
ment and Somers Island Company. On their way they 
stopped, and invited the Virginia Puritans under Sir Wil- 
liam Berkeley's former chaplain, the Rev. Thomas Harri- 
son, to cast in their lot with them, who declined, but made 
arrangements, by which they could go to Marylnnd, and 
have freedom of worship. 

'Among the correspondents of Copland were Governor 
Winthrop and the Rev. Hugh Peters of New England.^ 
On the 21st of July, 1647, he uses these words in a k'tter 
to Winthrop who had lost his wife : " I could condole with 
you for your losse, and my own, but that I am not willing 
to renew your grief, and my owne." The language indi- 
cates that he also was a recent widower. 

Governor Sayle while in London succeeded in forming a 
company for the settling of one of the Bahamas Islands, 
and obtained a patent from Parliament allowing to each 
settler entire liberty of conscience in matters of worship. 
He sailed from England in a ship provided with supplies 
and a few colonists, and reacluid Bermudas in October, 



' Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4lh Series, Vol. iv, j). 98, 5th Series and 
Vol. I. 



VIRGINIA VETUSTA. 195 

1647, and not long after, took on board his ship, Copland 
and seventy others and sailed for one of the Bahamas 
groups. After many trials and the loss of the vessel they 
reached Elcuthera, the isle where it is said, the feet of 
Christopher Columbus first touched the soikof the Western 
hemisphere. Here, where it was as silent as the isle of 
Patmos, they lived, and worshipped, in a cave. 

In a monthly magazine, published in Philadelphia, just 
a hundred years ago, a writer who had lately visited it, 
describes a cave he saw on the north side of the island, in 
a rocky ridge, not f\ir from the coast. Its entrance was 
on a level with the main land, in the form of an arch 
about fifty feet in height, and its length was about three 
hundred and fifty. The lofty roof had apertures for air 
and light, tiirough which the luxuriant vines and shrub- 
bery of the Baiiamas had intruded. Near the center of 
the cave was a large irregular rock, in which steps for 
ascent had been cut ; surrounding it. were great stones 
which served as seats, and not far distant was a mahogany 
monument, on three sides of which were inscriptions to 
the memory of "James Seymour, who was born in Ber- 
mudas in the year 1640, in the month of October, on the 
sixth day, and died in the year 16-30, upon the tenth of 
September." 

The first winter of the exiles, on this wild isle of the 
sea, was one of sufilM-ing. When Governor Winthrop and 
others in Boston heard of their distress, a collection was 
taken up for their relief, among the churches of that 
vicinity, amounting to about £800 sterling. Supplies 
were purchased and placed in a small, hired ves.sel in 



190 



^-2Wr APPENDIX. 

Letter of Virginia Company A. D. 1616, to the City of Sal- 
isbury. 

" Whereas the Royal, most excellint Majesty, under 
his great seal of England, authorizes the Virginia Com- 
pany for the setting up of a lottery for the benefit of that 
Plantation. 

"We by virtue of said grant do earnestly pray and desire 
you M' Mayor, M' Recorder, and the Aldermen of the 
City, your brethren, to be assistants to our deputies 
Gabriel Barber and Lott Peere, being also members of our 
Company, to whom for the approved trial which we have 
of their care and sufficiency, we have committed the 
management of a running lottery to be kept in that, your 
city of Salisbury requesting so much more earnestly, your 
furtherance therein, for it is for so good a work as the 
upholding of that Plantation, which we have now great 
hope, and greater than before, should stand and flourish 
to the honour and benefit of the realm. 

" And although we are well satisfied of these men's in- 
tegrity, and have already given them an oath for their 
just and true dealing in this employment, with all men, 
yet to satisfy you and the world, in the most exact 
manner that we may, we desire you to i-eceive the key, 
here enclosed, of the prizes, and to see the mingling of 
them with the blanks, and appoint one or two of your 
City, men of care, to lock up, and open the same every 
morning, and evening, and permit a child, who shall be 
allowed for his pains, to draw out the lots for all that 
adventure, as shall those we employ not be suspected of 
popularity, who shall only pay out those prizes that shall 



APPENDIX. 201 

be drawn, and yourselves be encouraged, if they shall so 
desire, to give them the testimony of the said proceedings. 

" In so doino; both ourselves shall have great cause to 
thank you, and the Plantation to acknowledge your love 
and kindness towards the same. And so we bid you 
hearty farewell. 

"From London, 19th of December, 1616. 
E. Sheffield Jo. Danvers 

Pembroke Edwin Sandys 

H. Soutliampton Dudley Digges 

Will. Paget John Wrothe 

Thomas Cavendish Richard Martyn 

Thomas Smyth Jo. Wolsten holme." 



The affair of the Ship " Treasurer." See page 112. 

Among the Manchester Papers in Her Majesty's Public 
Record Office, is a supposed memorandum of Sir Nathaniel 
Rich, of which the following is an abstract : 

" Statement intended for a speech before the Virginia 
Company, in defence of the Earl of Warwick, against 
whom Sir Edwin Sandys was accused of entertaining 
some ill feeling. The Earl had sent the " Treasurer " to 
Capt. Argall, then Governor resident in Virginia, by whom 
it had been despatched to the Western Islands tor salt 
and goats, and who had sailed for England before its 
return. Capt. Yeardley the existing Governor had ad- 
vertised Sir Edwin Sandys, then Treasurer, and the 
26 



202 APPENDIX. 

Council of Virginia that the ship was supposed to have 
gone to rob the King of Spain's subjects, in the West 
Indies by direction from my Lord of Warwick. Sir 
Edwin and the Council agreed that it was necessary to 
communicate this information to the Lords of the Privy 
Council iiaviiig first blotted out my Lord of Warwick's 
name from the letters. * * * * 'pjjg business was 
dismissed without prejudice to any, the Earl of Warwick 
having used his influence in behalf of Capt. Argall. But 
about the beginning of Lent [1620"| came new letters 
from the Governor /&f Virginia, directed as the former 
were to the Treasftirer and Council for Virginia, to the 
effect that the ghip had come back to Virginia. But 
having cold en^^ertainment, soon departed in a very dis- 
tressed state/leaving there, amongst otliers, one principal 
membeP-tJf^the Company, a master's mate or lieutenant, 
which man the Governor examined upon his oath con- 
cerning their voyage, who, though to the endangering of 
his own life confessed that they had been robbing the 
\y Spaniards in the West Indies. 

■; V ^ " It was a ground of complaint against Sir E. Sandys 

t^ ^ ^ that as soon as he received the second dispatch, with tlie 

jT ' " deposition, he assembled the Virginia Council, and per- 

/ j^ suaded them to acquaint the Spanish Ambassador, and 

\} the Privy Council, and so to put upon my Lord of 

Warwick, suddenly a confiscation of his ship and goods." 



Letter of John Baldwin. See page 133. 

John Baldwin, a freeman who arrived in the ship 
"Tiger" in 1622, and worked for George Sandys, for 



3 



APPENDIX. 203 

several years, wrote the following, to a friend in Ber- 



mudas :* 



Letter of Johx Baldwin. 

" My love remembered vnto you and to your wife, I 
hope you are in good health as I am at this tyme. M' 
Sandys hath dealt vnkindlie with vs he raaketh vs serve 
him whether wee will or noe and how to helpe yt we doe 
not knowe for hee beareth all the sway, but I hope to 
doe well enough yf God blesse me this yeare. 

" I thank god I have had my health very well here, 
all our company is livinge but three, William Lanes, 
Will'm Smith w'^'' weare killed with the Indians goeinge to 
worke in the wood. They lay in a tree that was newlie 
felled where they killed them. Thomas Knowles is dead ; 
but I thinke he had bene livinge now but we had a base 
fellow to our overseer, w'^'' was the occasion of his death ; 
for he was sicke awhile and could not worke, and then he 
went to him and beate him that he fell down presentlie, 
and could not stand, and then they carryed him to bed, 
and there he lay sixe days and neither eate nor drank. 
Ffor the land it is a plentifull countrye. I like yt well 
yf the people were good that are in yt ; but they are base 
all over for yf a man be sicke, putt them into a new house, 
and there lett lie downe, & starve for noebody will come 
at him. I heard the " Seafflower " was come to the 
Bermudas. I pray you send me word jf I have euer a 



'Lefroy, Vol. 1, p. 265. 



204 APPENDIX. 

kinsman in her. William AUen^ is here come servant for 
five years Thomas Cole is here but he liveth very poorlie. 
I pray you remember my love to John Harris and Thomas 
Wilkinson and Hugh Wall, and Henry & Rowland'^ Sheene, 
and his mate Daniell, to Robert tludd^ at Somersett, to 
M' Bagley, and his wife^ and to M' Crosse. Thus I rest 
y""^ euer loveiuge. 

John Baldwin. 

" Postscript 

" It hath been a verye hard tyme w*"" all men they had 
like to all starve this yeare ; there was them ; that paid 
fortye shillings a bushell for sheld corne. But howsoeuer, 
they dye like ro"*° sheepe, noe man dies but he is as full 
of maggots as he can hould. They rott aboue ground." 



Liturgy, in 1618, used at Bermudas. See page 189. 

The following liturgy of Lewis Hughes, in no way 
to be compared with the terse and chaste service of the 
Church of England, sent over in 1618 to Sir Nathaniel 



' Came in 1623, in the ship "Southampton " and was a servant 
of Abraham Piersey. 

'■' Rowland Sheene living in Pembroke district, as late as 1628. 

' Was at Bermudas, as early as 1617. 

* Judith, wife of Roger Bagley of Pembroke, in February, 1628-9, 
was presented by the Grand Jury, for having drawn a knife in 
Church, and swearing by God's blood, that she would stab John 
Staiuers, who told hter to keep her child quiet. 



APPENDIX. 205 

Ricli, has been copied from the manuscript, in the Duke 
of Manchester Collection, for the writer. The spelling 
has been partly modernized. — 

It reads. 



" TuK Mannee of Public Worship, and Service of God in the 
Summer Islands. 

First, a psalm is sung. 

After the psalm the minister saith . 

come let us worshi[) and fall down, and kneel before 
the Lord, our Maker. 

Then all the people do kneel, and the minister prayeth 
as followeth : 

Heavenly Father, we thy poor children do here cast 
down ourselves before thy Holy Majesty, in the name of 
Jesus Christ, to woi'ship thee, and do acknowledge and 
confess from the bottom of our hearts that we are not 
worthy to appear before thy Holy Majesty, nor to open 
our mouthes to speake unto thee, nor to receive any favor 
from thee, for we have broken all thy commandmente, 
and are in such hardiness of heart, blindness of mind, 
dulness of spirit, and dedness of conscience, as we cannot 
repent us of our sins as we should, but do continue in 
them, and daily increase the number of them to the 
great dishonor of thy holy name, and daily provoking of 
thee unto wrath ; our estate, therefore, is very fearful and 
lamentable, if thou shouldest mark straitly what is amiss 
in us, and deal with us according to our deserts ; but, 
dear Father, there is mercy with thee, thy holy and 



206 APPENDIX. 

great name be therefore praised, and we come to thee 
now, in the name of thy beloved Son Jesus Christ, to beg 
mercy. Have mercy therefore upon us, Holy Father ; 
have mercy upon us for Christ Jesus, His sake ; and 
show thy mercy in forgiving our sins, and in granting 
true and speedy repentance unto us, and in turning away 
from us all these judgments that our sins have deserved 
to be brought upon us. And forasmuch as thou hast 
ordained the ministry of Thy Holy Word to be a means 
to bring Thy children to true repentance, we beseech 
Thee, therefore, to bless Thy Holy Word unto us. Thy 
poor children, at this time, so as it may be a Word of 
power to work true repentance in every one of us, to Thy 
glory and our everlasting comfort, through Chi'ist Jesus, 
to Whom, with Thee and the Holy Ghost, be all honor, 
thanks, praise, and glory, now and forever! 

After this prayer or the like, he readeth a chapter out 
of the Old Testament. 

After the chapter they sing a psalm. 
After the psalm, he readeth a chapter out of the New 
Testament. 

After that chapter, he readeth the Ten Commandments 
of Almighty God, and before he readeth he saith : 

Hearken with reverence to the Ten Commandments of 
Almighty God, and as you hear them, desire God in your 
hearts to give you grace to live in obedience unto them. 

After the Commandments he readeth the Articles of 
the Christian Faith, and after he hath read them, he 
saith : 



APPENDIX. 207 

God of His mercy work this faith in every one of you, 
and continue it in you unto the end, to his glory and your 
everhvsting comfort, tlirough Christ Jesus! 

Then tliey sing a psalm, and after the psalm the 
minister prayeth, and goeth to his sermon. 

After the sermon he giveth thanks to God for His good- 
ness in bringing them together in health and safety to 
call up(m Him, and to hear His holy Word, and prayeth 
that God would ble.ss His holy Word unto them ; also 
he prayeth for all God's children, especially for the 
children of God in England, and by name, for our King, 
Queen, and royal progeny, and concludeth with the Lord's 
Prayer." 

Following this liturgy, is a Form for Infant Baptism, 
for administering the Lord's Supper, for Marriage, and for 
Burial. 



Governor Butler's translation of French Liturgy. 

In the article upon the Hughes Liturgy it is erroneously 
mentioned that the liturgy which Gov. Butler translated, 
was the revised Book of Common Prayer in A. D. 1619, 
introduced into the churches of Guernsey and Jersey. 
The following extracts from a manuscript published for 
the first time in the second volume of Lefroi/a Bermndaa 
show that it was the Geneva form which was adopted. 

" He found that it was time if it were possible to reduce 
them to vniformitie : but dis])ayreing to bring them to 
that here, w"='' all the by.shops in England could not doe 



208 



APPENDIX. 



ther, he at last bethought himselfe of the Liturgie used in 
the Hands of Gernsey and Jarsje, ******* 
being one and the very same with that of the french 
Protestants, thoes of the Vnited Provinces, and euen 
Geneua itself, ******** Whereupon he 
himselfe translating it verbatim into English out of a 
French Bible w*^''he brought over with him, he caused the 
elder minister [Hughes] to begin the vse thereof at the 
administration of the Lord's supper at St. Georges upon 
easter day next following." 





INDEX 



Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, 188. 
Maurice, of Coleman street, 188 

Adams, Captain. 78, 79, 8i. 

Alba Re^alis. 13. 13. 

Alciat, quoted, 135. 

Aldgiitc, LoiuJon. 37. 

Alexauiler, Sir W. refers to ship May 
Flower, 109. 

Algernon, Fort at P't Comfort, viii, 
78, 79. 

AU-de, Edmund, printer. Go, 193 ; resi- 
dence in London, 187. 

Allen, W. wliile servant. 304. 

Allegiance, oath of, 6. 44. 

Anderson, Chief .TusI ice, 18o. 
'^Art school projected, 183. 

Argall, Samuel mentioned, 76,83.86, 
91 ; meets George Percy in Eng- 
land, X ; sails from England in 
1613, X ; attacks the French, 
x; relaLive of Sir Thos. Smith, 
112; sends ship Treasurer to West 
Indies, 112. 201; complaints 
against, 114, 115, 158; later career, 
97, 98. 

Arundel, Thomas, Earl of, 1. 



B. 

Bacon, Lord, 99. 
Baglev and wife. 204. 
Baldwin. .John, letter of, 203. 
Bancroft. Bishop of London, 185 ; 
censures Uughes, 186. 



Barber, Gabriel, sup't of lotteries, 200. 

Baigrave, Dean of Canterbury, 154, 
172. 

Capt. .John, letter to Lord Treas- 
urer Middlesex, 154-lGl ; Thomas, 
minister bequeaths library to 
Henrico college, 173. 

Barrens, .John, quartermaster of 
Brawnde's ship, 108. 

Barrett, William, bookseller, 67. 

Barwick, Capt. Thomas, 120, 131. 

Bashaw, of Cambria, 15 ; Nalbritz, 15. 

Basta, George, 15. 

Batteshill, Henry, quartermaster, 108. 

Beheathl.ind, Robert, 113. 

Bcnnet. Catherine, 175. 
• Edward, 175. 
.lohii, chief mate, 108. 
William, preacher, 175. 
infant, 175. 

Bertie, Pcrecrrine, 10. 
Robert,' 10. 

Berkeley, John supt. of Iron works, 
118; killed by Indians, 119. 
Sir Maurice. 60. 
Sir WilMani, 194. 

Bermudas, Gates and Somers wrecked 
at, 01 ; described, 03 ; early minis- 
ters of, 184, 197; Presbyterian 
church. 180; Independent church, 
194 ; Liturg>' of Hughes, 205. 

Blaney. Mr, 13J3. 

Blunt Point, fort projected, 120. 

Bohun, Dr Lawrence, 75, 118; killed 
at sea, 117. 

Bolton, Francis preacher, 175. 

Bouceill. John on silk worms, 127. 



210 



INDEX. 



Book of Common Prayer, disused, 186, 

191. 
Books on Virginiii : 

A. D. 1G08 True Relation, 1)4. 

1609, Sermon of Symouds, 38, 39. 

Good speed to Virsinia, 40, 41. 

Sermon of Price, 4r)-49. 

Nova Hrillania, 51-53. 

A.D. 1610, True and sincere decla- 
ration, 57. 

Sermon of Crasliaw, 57-60. 

News in rli3'me by Hicli, 64 

True declaration of tlie estate ot 
tlie colony, 66. 

A. D. 1611, Last News, a liallad, 
84. 

A. D. 1612, Book on the Lottery, 
89. 

New Life of Virginia, 90. 

Laws divine, moral, martial, 92. 

A. D. 1023, Virginia's God be 
thanked, 134-136. 

Declaration about moneys for 
Copland's School, 179. 

Sermon of John Donne, 137. 

A. D. 1623 Good News, a ballad," 
147-153. 
Bouchier, Sir Henry, 145. 
Bowles (Bolles), .Mayor of London, 

134. 
Boys sent by ship Duty, 103. 
Brawnde, Capt. report of, 106; at 

Mauhei^in, 106; Cape t'od, 107. 
Brewster, Capt. Edward, 82. 
Brinnelcome, John, steward, 108. 
Brinton, Edward, 20. 
Buck, Benoni, 164. 

Gershom, 164. 

Mara, 164. 

Richard preacher, 163; baptizes 

Rolfes infant, 140; chaplain of 

legislature, 163. 
Buckler, Andrew early colonist, 19, 20. 
Burroughs, Ann, 23. 
Butler, Gov. Natli. of Bermudas in- 
troduces Guernsey liturgy, 192. 



C. 



Csesar, Sir Julius. 18. 

Calthrope, Mr.. 126. 

Camden, William refers to Argall, 97. 



Canisia, siege of, 12. 

Canne, .Mr. of Plymouth, 2. 

Capps, William' early planter, 138; 
letter of, 128; descrilies the cleanli- 
ness of sliipSea Venture, 131. 

Carleton, Sir Dudley, 92, 99. 

Carr, a Bermudas elder, 190. 

Carter, John horse-slealer, 102. 

Carlhagena, plantation, vii. 

Cartwright, John, 142. 

Causey, Nalb. early colonist, 23. 

Cavendish, Thomas, 201. 

Cecil, Sir Edward, 84, 91, 98. 
Rol)ert, 19, 24, 61. 

Ceremonies of English Church dis- 
used, 186. 

Chamberlain, John, 92. 

Charter, First of Va. Co., 4; Second, 
of Va. Co., 42, 45; Last of Va. 
Co., 87. 

Children, transported, 101. 

Church, in 1619 at Jamestown, 169. 

Coat of .\rms, of John Smith, 16 ; 
Virginia Company, 135. 

Cole, Tiiomas, 204. 

College for Indian Youth, 167, 169, 
170, 171. 

College of Heralds, order to, 43. 

Collier, Samuel, 30. 

Colonists, early, 19-23. 

Conway, Sir Edward, 96, 144. 
Captain, 96. 

Cooper, Michael, 98. 

Cope. Sir Walter, 57, 73, 

Copland, Patrick sermon of, 134 ; de- 
scribes Va. seal. 135 ; projects Va. 
school, 178; in Bermudas, 193; 
erects free school, 193; daughter 
of, 194; becomes a dissenter, 194; 
at Eleuthera, 195. 

Coppin, Sir George, 73. 

Coryat's Crudities, 99. 

Coryat, Thomas notice of, 99. 

Cotton manuseripls, 17. 
Sir Robert. 17. 

Councillors in Va noticed, 7-19, 

Crakanthorpe, sermon of , 36. 

Crashaw, Raleigh, 35. 

William of the Temple, 37, 57; 
sermon of, .58-61. 

Crooke, Sir John, 185. 

Crouchley, Thos. transported, 102. 

Cugley, Daniel, 22. 



INDEX. 



211 



D. 

Dale, SirThoniiis OS, 09, 74 ; Peroy on 

his adininistralion, viii ; letter to 

Va. Companv. 77-83 ; later career 

of, 94-90; death of, 95. 

Elizabeth wife of Sir T.,94, 95, 99. 
Danver.-:, Sir .John. l:!7, 201. 
Dannyniw, Capt. .lohn, 103. . 
Davies, Robert. 142. 
Davison, Alice, 137. 

Christopher, secretary, 137. 

Sir William, 137. 
Davys (Davis), Capt. James, viii, 79, 80. 
Deane, Charles (pioted, 34. 
Delaware, Thomas 3d Lord, 35, 59, 07, 

91; notice of, 56; goes to West 

Indies, 78. 

Henry, 4tli Lord. 57. 

Charles 5th I/Ord, ,57. 
Digges, Sir Dudley, 89. 
Dod's, John, 20. 
Donne, John Dean of St. Pauls, 137 ; 

moderate in views, 137 ; sermon 

to Va. Company, 137. 
Downe, John boatswain's mate, 108. 
Drake, Sir Francis, 8. 
Dupper, a London brewer, 124; his 

stinking beer, 120, 124. 
Diitton, Elizabeth, 0(>. 

John e.xcculor of R. Rich, 113. 

Sir Thomas, 60. 

E. 

Each, Capt of Abigail, 120 ; death of, 

120. 
Edwards, John, ship owner, 108. 
Elders of Church in Bermudas, 187,190. 
Eleuthera, Isle 195; Independents at, 

19.5, 190. 
Elfrid (Elfrith), Capt. Daniel, 113; 

sells negroes, 1 12. 
Elizabeth, Queen death of, 3. 
Ellis, David. 23. 
Essex. Earl of, .53. 
Evans, Owen kidnapper, 103. 
Extravagance in dress. 111, 118. 



Faldoe (Waldo), the Helvetian, 79. 



Panshaw, Sir Henry, 73. 
Fane, James male of ship, 108. 
Felgale, Tobias, pilot. 
Ferrar, John, 130, 

Nicholas Sr., 193. 

Nicholas Jr., 131, 138, 193. 

William, 177. 
Finch. Ladv. son of in Va., 130 

.lohn, "120 

Sir Moyle, 120. 
Pitch, Capt. Matthew, 31. 
FUm.I, Robert, 304. 
Forrest, Thomas, 23. 
Fort Algernon, viii, 78, 79, 80. 

Henry. 80. 

Charles, 80. 
Fortcrow, I^uke, 133. 
Fortescue. Sir Nicholas, 145. 
Francke, Dan. transporled, 103. 
Frobisher, Kichard ship carpenter, 55. 

G. 

Garrett (Jarret), William old planter, 
30. 

Gates, Sir Thomas, 4, 18, 33, 50, 61, 63, 
67, 09, 74, 75, 80, 91 ; noticed by 
Percy vi, vii, viii ; birth place of, 
97; sketch of, 53, 54; expedition 
of. 1011, 84; later career, 97; 
children of, 97. 
Anlliori}'. 97. 
Elizabeth, 97. 
Mary, 97 
Thomas, 97. 

Oayneyc, William, 108, 

Gentlemen made '■ nood cheap," 16. 

Girls kidnapped, 103. 

Glass works, 121. 

Glover, an approved preacher, 164. 

Glover, Mary, bewitched, 185. 

Gorges p\Tdinando, 1, 8, 99, 105, 109. 

Goston, Sir Francis, 145. 

Goutre. William minister at Black 
Friars. 165. 

Qough, William preacher at James- 
town, 195. 

Ooukling, \V., preacher, 194. 

Granville, explorer, 3. 

Graves. Thomas early settler, 53. v 

Gray, Bridget, 103. 

Robert enters book, 40. 



212 



INDEX. 



H. 

Hakhiyl, Richard the historian, 2, 
84, 37. 

Hallam's estimate of Hariot, 3. 

Halliwcll, .lohn O , 64 

Hamor, Ralph, 133. 140, 150. 

Ilamby, Richard, 96. 
W., 96. 

Hariol, Tlionias friend of Raleigli and 
Nortluinibcrlaiid, 3, 76. 

Harrison, Thomas chaplain of Gov. 
Berlicley, 194. 

Harmon, Charles trader, 103. 

Hawkins, Sir Richard, 95, 105, 106, 
109. 

Hawte, Sir William. 

Hept, John, 108. 

Herbert, George poet, 137. 

Hicks, Sir Baptiste, 73. 

Hille, .John, 108. 

Hitehins, ('apt. .Arlhur, 106. 

Houdiiis, histoiian, 100. 

Horton, -Mistress, 140. 

Howard, Henry Ear! of Northampton, 
43. 
Thomas Earl of Suffolk, 43. 

Hughes. Lewis preacher, 185 ; arrived 
at Bermudas, 185 ; belief in witch- 
craft, 185; censured by Bishop. 
186 ; organizes Presbyterian 
church, 187; prepares a liturgy, 
189; his writings, 187, 193; dis- 
missed for non-conformity, 193 ; 
liturgy of, '30.5-307. 

Hunt, Robert first Va. minister, 163. 



I. 

Independenis in Bermudas, 194. 

Inglesby, Mr., 189. 

Iron Mongers Co., of London, 35; 

Works in Virginia, 118. 
Italian glass-workers, 131. 



Jackson, a woman witch, 185, 186. 
James the First, arrives in London, 3; 

letter to House of Commons about 

Va. Company, 106. 



.Tamcstown Church, 169; cow-keeper, 

111. 
Jarrett see Garrett. 
Johnson, Alderman Robert, 89, 91, 

144, 158. 
Jones, Iniao, 43. 

Sir William, 145. 

Thos., Capt. of May Flower, 117. 
Jonson, .Ben poet. 99. 
Jordan, Cecilia, 176. 

Samuel, 176. 



K. 

Karlsburg, 14. 

Keilh, George preacher, 172, 184. 

Kendall, Captain, 66, 116. 

George, 19. 
Kennebec River Colony, 105. 
Kerbv, Capt. and negroes, 113, 113, 

116. 
Ivingswell, Richard, 116 
Knolles, History of Turks, 13. 
Knott, James transported, 103. 
Knowles, Tliomns killed, 303. 
Kyngston, Feli.x printer, 41, 90. 



L,. 

Lanes, William killed, 203. 

Lang, Samuel Bermudas minister, 192. 

Laudoniere, in Florida, vi. 

Lawsou, C.ipt., 83. 

Laydon, John notice of, 30, 23. 

Leate, William minister death of, 176. 

Lecon field, Lord, v, 86. 

Lee, Hugh <m transporting children, 

53. 
Lefroy's Beimudas quoted, 115, 162 

203. 
Legacy of Thomas Bargrave, minister, 

173; to Francis Bolton, minister, 

175 ; for Indian education, 171 ; of 

George Ruggle, 183 ; of Mary 

Robinson, 168. 
Leigh, Sir Thomas, v. 
Lisle, Viscount, 73. 
Liturgy of Guernsey and Jersey, 192; 

Lewis Hughes, 189, 205-207, 
Lottery of Virginia Company, 89, 199, 

200. 



INDEX. 



213 



M. 

Maclmm. Sam. booksoller, 51. 

Madison, Cap!., 150. 

Man, John, 1!^9. 

Manlii-gin Isle, 98, 106 ; Brawnde al, 

100 ; Capt. Hilchins at, 106. ; ship 

David at. 106. 
Mansell, Sir Kobert, 72, 84, 98. 
Markc, Sir 'llionias. 99. 
Martin, John, 18, 19; Richard, 66,201. 
Massacre by Indians, 119, 126. 137, 

147. 
Matllic-ws, Capt, 1.33. 
May Flower, Capt. Jones, 117. 
Mease, William V'a. minister, 167. 
Meklrilch, Earl of. 14. 
Melshawe, -Mr., 77. 
Mendoza's expedition, vi. 
Merchant Tailors Company, 35. 
Mercoeur (Merciirie), Duke, 12 13, 14. 
Merrv. Sir Thomas, 133. 
Mevis, Isl',- of, 79. 
Middlesex, Earl on Va. Co., 144. 
Middlelon, Thomas transported, 103. 
Millward, John, 142. 
Ministers, wiiliout orders, 169. 
Molincux, to be transported, 103. 
Monk, Gen., 86 
Moutgomory. Earl of, 73. 
Morgan, a flymoulh merchant, 2. 
Moyses, General, 14, 15. 



N. 



Namontack. Indian youth visits Eng- 
land with Newport, 23, 76. 

Needbam of Bernindas, 189. 

Negroes tirst in Virginia, 113, 116; 
in Bermudas. 113, 114, 115. 

Nelson, Capt Francis, 21, 27, 34. 
Mr., 85. 

Newce, Thomas, 119, 129. 

Sir VVilljam. 119, 128, 1.32. 

Newport, Chiistopher, 21, 33. 27, 53, 
56 63, 75, 76, 77, 79, 82 ; report of 
first voyage to Va., 24; return 
from third voyage to Va., 35; 
fourth voyage to Va., 54 ; later 
career of, 93, 94. 

Night-walkers, sent to Virginia, 103. 

North Virginia Colony, 105. 



Northampton, Henry Earl, 43; letter 

ol, 92 ; House, 43. 
Northumberland, Algernon Earl, 43 , 

Henry 9lh Earl,' 3, 76. 

House, 43. 
Norton, Capt. of Glass Works dies, 

121. 



O. 

Oath of allegiance and supremacy, 
6. 44. 

Ogilby, draws prize in the lottery, 89. 
John, the author, 89. 

Olumpah, siege of, 12. 

Opecancanough, Indian chief, 148, 
149 

Ovid, quotation from, 125 ; [transla- 
tion of, 135. 



Painter, Stephen. 197. 
Painting, scho.il of, 183. 
Pahner's Island. 184. 
Parker, Mr., 88. 

Capt. Wm , 95. 

.Mr. of Plymouth, 3. 
Paspahlaiglie's Tower, 82. 
Paulett, Robert preacher, physician and 

surgeon, 173. 
Peirce, Jane daughter of William, 141. 

John, patent for Puritans, 97. 

proposition for bis colonists to 
cdicate Indians, 173. 

William, early settler, 116, 133, 

141; daughter of, wife of John 

Koltc, 141 
Pembroke, Earl of, 71. 
Percy, Algernon 10th Earl, 43. 

George, 19, 75, 79, 81, 85 ; letters Tfc 

of, V, 84 ; Relation of, vi-x ; cen- 
sures an author. 

Henry, 9th Earl, 3, 76 ; letter to, v. 

Lucy, Countess Carlisle, 85, 86. 
Petworth, House MS., 86. 
Phillips, Eleanor, 103. 
Pliilpot Lane. London, 71. 
Piersey, Abraham, 116. 
Pindleburie, of London, 85. 
Pocahontas, 141. 



214 



INDEX. 



Pophani, Chief Justice, 3. 
Poole, preaches before Sir Thos. Dale, 
81, ir>4. 

Ponley, Greville, minister, 177. 
Porey", John. 23, 109, 110, 111, 113 
Policy, Clirisloplier triinsported, 103. 
Poll," Dr. John fontl of good liquor, 

133, 1.53. 
Pountis, Vice-Admiral deiith of, 133, 

1.53. 
Powell, C:ipt., 119, 1.50, 

Rogcn' transported, 103. 
Presbyterian church in Bermudas, 

187. 
Prcwe, Francis, 193. 
Price, Daniel preaches for Va. Co., 
49. 

Samson, 49. 
Pring, Capt. Martin, 113 
Puritans of Leyden, 97, 109. 

Virginia. 194. 
Pytt, Sir William, 14.5. 



K. 

Raleiirh, Sir Walter, 1,3, 8, 7«). 

RatclitTe, Capt. John, 8, 18, 37. 

Reasons for a stock company for 
Knglish colonization, 38-34. 

Relation of George Percy, v-x. 

Rich, Sir Natlianiel, 63, 60; letters 
from Hughes, 187-190. 
Robt. poem of, 63, 64, 6.5 ; room 
mate of preacher Hughes, 186; 
death of, 06 ; Robert see Warwick. 

Roberts, Thomas, 108. 

Robinson, John searcher, 169. 
Mary, legacy, 168. 

Rolfe, Antliony, 143. 
Elizabeth 141. 
Henry, 143. 
Hannah, v. 

John, passenger in Sea Venture, 
140; first wile, 140; infant bap- 
tized, 141 ; tirst tobacco planter, 
140; union with Pocahontas, 141; 
marriage with .Jane Peirce, 141 ; 
will of, 141 ; children of, 141 ; 
Thomas, son of John, 141. 

RoUenton, battle of, 15. 

Ruggle, legacy of George, 183. 

Russworm, army of, 14. 



s. 

Sabbath, treatise on l)y Lewis Hughes, 
187, 190. 

Salisbury city, letter to, 200. 

Saltonslall, Sir Samuel, 100. 
Wye, 100. 

Sandwich citv, letter from Va. Co., 
68-70. 

Sandys, David, preacher, 1 73. 

Sir Edwin opposed to monarcliy, 
109; complains of ship Treasurer 
to Privy Council, 115, 301 ; charges 
against, 146. 

I ieorge on iron works, 110 ; letters 
from, 73, 74, 87; letter to Ferrar, 
119; refers to glass works, 131; 
letter to S. Wrote, 122-137; trans- 
lates Ovid, 125 j receives a grey- 
hound, 127; expedition against 
Indians, 148; Sir Samuel, 75, 120. 

Saracen's Head Inn, London, 100. 

Savaue, John, 22. 
Hannah, 23. 
Thomas notice of, 22. 

Sayle, Capt. Wlliiara obtains liberty 
of worship, 194. 

Schools, 107, 178,193. 

Scrivener, Michael, 21, 23. 

Scotch ministers in Bermudas, 193. 

Scot tow, describes Eleuthera church, 
196. 

Scudd ill, Thomas, 10. 

Scull, George D. quoted, 77. 

Sea .-Vdventure, wrecked, 54. 
cleanliness of, 131. 

Seal of Va. Council in England, 5. 
First Colony in Virginia, 4. 
Second Colony in Virginia, 4. 
Virginia Company, A. D., 1619, 
135." 

Sermon before Va. Co. A. D. 1609 by 
William Symonds, 39; A. D. 1609 
by Daniel Price, 45; by Crashaw, 
58 ; Copland, 134 ; Donne, 137. 

Seymour, James grave of, 195. 
Mr., 06. 

Sharplisse, Thomas draws a prize, 89. 

Ships mentioned : 

Abigail, Capt. Each, 117, 121, 134. 
Blessing, of the Delaware fleet, 

00.63, 141. 
Blessing, Capt. llitchins, 106. 



INDEX. 



215 



Ships mentioncil, tonlimieil — 

Bonn Nova. A. D. 1021, 117, 173. 

Delaware, A. D. 1(510, IGO. 

Deliverance, 55. 

Discovery, 83. 

Duty. A. "n. 1G21, 103. 

George. 173. 

Eli/.abctli, 117. 

Falcon, A. D. 1609, 21. 

Furtherance. A. D. 1023, 120. 

Hercules, Delaware fleet, 60, 63, 
78. 

James, A. P. 1632, 176. 

John aiul Frincis, A. D. 1608, 31. 

Lion, Gates Fleet, 23. 

London McrehanI, A. D. 1620, 23. 

Mary Mar<raret, A. D. 1608, 20, 
22, 53. 

Marfiaret and Jolin, A. D. 1621, 
117. 

May Flower, A. D. 1020, 109, 117. 

Patience, A D., 1610, 60. 

Pha-nix, A. I). lUHS, 31,33. 

Sea .Vdventure, wreekeJ, 54, 56, 
60 

Sea Flower, A. D 1631, 175. 

Susan Constant, A. I). 1607,30 

Suiiply of Bristol, A. D. 1631, 117. 

Swallow, A. D. 1609, 67. 

Trial, A. D. 1613, x. 

Treasurer, Arg.'Jl'sship, 86, 112. 
Ships^ent, A D , Ii!30-1G21, 117. 

1421-22, 118. 
SisrisnuMul, Dul;e, 15, 16. 
Shirley. Sir Thomas, 56. 
Sithe's Lane, London, 40. 
Slanderous statements, 67. 
Smiili, Georiie, will of, 10. 

Capt. John, travels in Europe, 11 ; 

lakes Turks' heads, 14; coal of 

arms, 16 ; letter of, 16, 17: writ 

ings of, 17, 34 ; falsity of, 

deposed in Va,. 18; Admiral of 

N. England, 105, 108; later career, 

98-100. 

Capt. Roger, Va councillor, 118. 

Sir Thos.. Sec Queen Elizabeth, 

10 ; (Boy, o f Va. Company, 45, 57, 

59. m7Wr^A5, 158; noticed, 72; 

ktlers lo, 103, 189. 
Bodquin, 100. 
Somers, Sir George, 4, 54, 66, 67, 69, 

75: letter of, 61. 



Somers Island Co , Charter, 93. 
Southampton, Henry Earl of, 1, 4, 72, 

130, 144. 
Spiller, Sir Henry, 145. 
Slirk, George, Bermudas minister, 
196. 

Harvard student, 197. 
Stockton, Jonas minister, 173. 

Timothy, 173. 
Stow's Survey of London, 87. 
Strachey, William, 75,81. 
Strafford, Earl of, 86. 
^tuhl, Weissenlmrg, 12. 
SntV.ilk, Thos. Earl of, 43. 
SuRolk House. 43. 
Surgeons, want of, 83. 
Surplice, not valued, 165. 
Sutton, Sir Richard, 145. 
Swift, Ensign James, 118. 
Symonds, Dr. of Oxibrd, 17. 

William, sermon of, 39. 



T, 



Taffe, John printer, 34. 
Taylor, Smiihlield martyr, 185. 

i\iohard, early colonist. 33. 
Temple Church, London, 57. 
Thrope, George killed by Indians, 119, 

129. 
Throckmorton, Dorothy, 00. 

Elizabeth, 94. 

John transporteil, 102. 

Sir Thoma.s. 94. 

William, 94, 95. 
Tobbe. Tiiomas, 108. 
Tocker, Brienne, 108. 
Toleration. Religious, 104. 
Tracy, William early colonist 
Transportation of children, 101, 103, 

134; evils of, 103, 104. 
Treasurer, the shi|) partly owned by 

Earl of Warwick, 113,201 ; sent by 

Argall to W. Indies, 112; brings 

back negroes, 113; destroyed at 

Eerniudas, 114. 
Treedell. William, ship owner, 108. 
Tucker, Daniel, .'53, 118, 187. 

Capt. William, 116 
Turks' heads of Smith, 14, 16. 
Tnke, Mr, 128. 
Tyndall (Tindall), Robert, 21, 60. 



216 



INDEX. 



V. 

Virginia Company, first charter, 4; 
second, 42, 45; last, 87; replies 
to opponents, 146; Council in Eng- 
land seal, 5; instruclions, T) ; 
orders, G; colonists landing of, 6 ; 
first officMal report from, 25-27 ; 
councillors in, 7-19 ; early settlers, 
19; books on, 34; described by 
Price, 40, 47; Earl of Middlesex 
on, 144-146; letter on from King 
James, 100; churches and schools, 
167. 169, 170, 17S, 182; under 
Gov. Wyatt, 118; Puritans, 194. 

Vicenzio, Italian glass worker, 121. 



W. 

Waldo, C'apl. Peter, 20, 23. 
Wanton, John searcher, 109. 
Warwick, Earl of, 112, 113, 145. 
Waters and wife, escaped from Indians, 

148. 
Watkins, Henry killed, 96. 
Watson, Thomas, 34. 
Watts, John, 103. 
Waymouth, Capt contract with 

Zouch, 2. 
Weber, Thomas, 108. 
Welby, William bookseller, 34,39,41, 

60, 90. 
Wenniau, Sir Ferdinando, 75. 

Thomas, 75. 
West, Francis, 53, 57, 116 

John, 57. 

Nathaniel, 57. 

William, 107. 
Whisson, I{obert hanged, 102. 



Whitacrc, Capt.. 127. 

Whitaker, Ale.\. minister sketch of, 

104-166. 
White Cliapel, London, 88. 

sermon at, 38. 

Thomas, minister, 175. 
Wickham, William minister. 166. 
Wingfield. Edward Maria, 27, 71. 
Wilbnighby, Lord, 9, 11. 
Wilson, Thomas, 52. 
Winne, Capt. Peter, 23. 
Wiuthrop, Gov. John, 194, 19.5. 
Wolstenholme, Sir John, lOi). 
Wood, (iov. of Bermudas wants 

neither Scotchmen norschools, 193. 
Worcester, Earl of, 43. 
Wotton, Sn- Henry, .54. 
Wright, John bookseller, 100. 
Wyatt, Gov. Francis, 75, 118, 147, 1,53 ■ 

babe of, 121. 

George, father of Gov., 120. 

Hawte, minister, 174. 

Margaret, wife of Gov., 120. 



Y. 



Yeardley, Gov. George, 110; visits 
England, 110; described by Pory, 
110; knighted, 110; complains 
of the ship Treasurer, 114; owns 
negroes, 116; expedition against 
Indians, 149. 
Ralph, HI. 
Temperance, 141. 



Z. 



Zouch, Sir John, 2. 



I^u 



